Bidirectional nasal drug delivery is a new administration principle with improved deposition pattern that may increase nasal drug uptake. Twelve healthy subjects were included in this open, non-randomized 3-way crossover study: midazolam (3.4 mg) intravenously (1 mg mL (-1)), or nasally by bidirectional or traditional spray (2 x100 microL of a 17 mg mL(-1) nasal midazolam formulation). The prim...

background and purpose: suitable sedation during gastrointestinal (gi) tract endoscopy leads to the patient’s and the physician’s satisfaction and enhances the quality and the adequacy of the procedure. materials and methods: in a clinical trial, 140 patients were randomly assigned into two groups in order to compare the adequacy of upper gi tract endoscopy after choosing the type of sedation b...

Midazolam clearance is used to phenotype hepatic CYP3A activity but requires multiple plasma samples following a single intravenous dose. The authors evaluated the use of a limited sampling scheme, using different assay techniques to determine the reproducibility of such a strategy in estimating midazolam AUC. Seventy-three healthy adults received midazolam as a single intravenous bolus dose. A...

Aim This retrospective observational study evaluates the safety and efficacy of intravenous sedation using midazolam only or combinations two three drugs including propofol alfentanil for complex dental surgery such as implant placement sinus augmentations. Methods The analyses 60 patients aged 42–79 who required advanced techniques oral procedures. Twenty had (M), 10 a 2-drug combination (MP) ...

OBJECTIVE During implant surgery, a large amount of local anesthetics containing epinephrine are often required, and the resulting cardiovascular effects of administered epinephrine are not negligible. On the other hand, sedation has wide applications in implant surgery. Nitrous oxide, propofol, or midazolam are commonly used as sedative drugs, and each has also its own cardiovascular effects. ...

Remimazolam is a new ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine with fast onset, quick recovery, and few side effects, such as hypotension respiratory depression. It expected to be safe effective for wide range of patients undergoing intravenous sedation dental procedures. The aim this literature review was evaluate clinical outcomes remimazolam, including method administration, level at the dose require...

This randomised, double-blind study compared dexmedetomidine and midazolam for intravenous sedation during third molar surgery under local anaesthesia. Sixty patients received either dexmedetomidine (up to 1 microg x kg(-1)) or midazolam (up to 5 mg), which was infused until the Ramsay Sedation Score was four or the maximum dose limit was reached. Intra-operative vital signs, postoperative pain...

Intravenous benzodiazepines are utilized as first-line drugs to treat prolonged epileptic seizures in dogs and alternative routes of administration are required when venous access is limited. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of midazolam after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and rectal (PR) administration. Six healthy dogs were administered 0.2 mg/kg midazolam IV, IM, or PR in a r...

conclusions midazolam could be used as a safe and effective drug for conscious sedation, general anaesthetic premedication and the treatment of seizures during dental treatment. however, further research on paediatric patients would be beneficial. evidence acquisition to conduct this review of the literature, pub-med and scopus were searched using the following terms: midazolam, oral, transmuco...

Much interest has been focused on the use of midazolam (Versed~Roche Laboratories of Hoffman LaRoche, Nutley, NJ) for conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. The drug has been used as a preanesthetic sedative in adults and more recently in children. However, studies are lacking concerning its use in pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this paper is to review the pharmacokinetics of midazolam...