The practice of using the direct ionization radiation (electrons, protons, antiprotons, pions, ions, etc) or of the indirect ionization radiation (photons, neutrons, etc) in economy and social life has led to the introduction of the absorbed dose magnitude (ICRU 1953) defined as the energy absorbed per mass unit of the irradiated substance. This is a fundamental magnitude valid for any type of ...

Purpose: The authors report comprehensive commissioning and quality assurance (QA) procedures for Intrabeam, Intra-Operative radiotherapy (IORT) unit. The Intrabeam system miniature X-ray source is a 50 kV and 40 μA unit. Methods: The authors’ tests include measurements of output, beam deflection, isotropy, kVp and mAs measurements, quality index, isodose, reproducibility, linearity, depth dose...

The purpose of this study was to compare dose measurements using ion chamber and radiochromic film dosimetry for a 35-keV synchrotron beam useful for Auger electron therapy. A 1.3-GeV electron beam, transported through a 3-pole superconducting wiggler magnet, produced a polychromatic photon beam from which a 35-keV beam (3.3 mm Al HVL) was selected using a monochromator. A 2.8 cm x 2.5 cm field...

A design is presented involving two separate vacuum chambers to provide nearly simultaneous capabilities of liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) in an external source Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The instrument consists of two vacuum chambers, one with five stages of differential pumping fo...