centuries of historical rivalry, ethnic particularity, religious and ideological differences, and boundary disputes have been among the major forces contributing to a protracted conflict between iran and its western neigh bors- the ottoman empire from 1517 and iraq since 1920. one of a combination of these factors have caused numerous military hostilities and many full-scale wars. the recent ir...

this study investigated the rate of reference to iranian literature in psychological and psychiatric studies. for this aim, 45 empirical researched on psychological and psychiatric aspects of imposed iran-iraq war which were published from 1980 to 1996 were studied. 18.6% of their referenes were iranian literatures in the list of references, but only 21.3% of these articles used irainain litera...

BACKGROUND In recent decades, the incidence of spinal cord injuries has increased. In a systemic review on epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in developing countries reported 25.5/million cases per year. OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of life (QOL) of the veterans among Iran-Iraq war with chronic spinal cord injuries (SCI) and to evaluate long-term impressions of SCI on their qual...

BACKGROUND Effective first aid and transportation influences injury-induced mortality. But few qualitative studies have been conducted so far in this area. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the content of the first aid and patient transportation course based on experience gained from the Iran-Iraq war. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a conventional qualitative content analysis ...

OBJECTIVES Sulfur mustard (SM) was used by the Iraqi army against the Iranian troops in the Iran-Iraq war from 1983-1988. This chemical gas affects different organs including the skin, lungs and the hematopoietic system. Any exposure to SM increases the risk of chromosomal breaking, hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy. Studies have shown that the risk for acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemi...

this essay tries to study the reflection of iran- iraq war in four relatively important and referable encyclopedias (wikipedia, inkarta, conflicts encyclopedia, and britanica). it compares these four encyclopedias' towards the origins of the war, the aggressor, great powers' role, and its results. obviously, knowing other countries' (specially their scientific scholars') att...

BACKGROUND Upper limb amputations are one of the unpleasant war injuries that armed forces are exposed to frequently. The present study aimed to assess the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems in Iraq-Iran war veterans with bilateral upper extremity amputation. METHODS The study consisted of taking a history and clinical examinations including demographic data, presence and location...

Syria’s support of Iran in the Gulf War needs explanation, surprising as it has both Arabs and non-Arabs. That Syrian policy is not self-explanatory can be attributed to pre-existing expectations about inter-Arab relations, whereby Arab states would stand by each other whenever challenged by foreign powers, even if those powers happened to be Islamic states. Demonstrating Arab solidarity become...

Regarding to Dr. Richard Stone’s report entitled “Iran, a shady market for papers flourishes” published in Science 15th September 2016.  There are several points in the articles that require particular attention. The report, although presents some truth, lacks depth and balance on a problem that is not unique to Iran. To begin to understand this, perhaps one needs to remi...