In 1999, the Singapore Government envisioned a need to transform the construction industry through the Construction 21 Blueprint by a strategic vision. In line with the broader plan to develop Singapore into a knowledgedriven economy, this industry aspires to become ‘a World Class Builder in the Knowledge Age’. And earlier, as part of the IT 2000 master plan for Singapore, the Construction Real...

The purpose of this research to present for the first time a practical plan to cost optimize the composite metal floor deck, so that the designer, by having the dimensions of the main beam framing, will be able to come to the most design including: the section of composite steel beam, the beam span, the thickness of metal deck sheets and the thickness of the concrete slab. The main method of op...

The aim of an ergonomics intervention conducted in the tire manufacturing industry was to improve working conditions. Before the start, a senior manager supported the intervention. Participants were divided into teams and trained. After observing the overall performance of the teams, over 100 improvements were successfully implemented. After the improvements, there were statistically significan...

Article history: Received 26 June 2015 Received in revised form 16 October 2015 Accepted 5 December 2015 Available online 23 December 2015 The overall energy efficiency of existing buildings has to be significantly improved to complywith emerging regulations and to contribute to overcoming current environmental challenges. Many policies aim at accelerating the renovation rate. The effectiveness...

this paper tries to study the emergence and changes of mechanized industry in iran within qajar dynasty (mid-19th century) and the islamic revolution triumph (1978). it focuses on the governments role in delayed industrialization, and accordingly surveys the governments role in building institutions and commercial policy-making for industrialization. since governments nature and its role in eco...

The aim of this paper is to develop a strategic plan for selecting the best options for the supply of raw material to feed paper producing plants. The decision-making is examined within the framework of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR). A hierarchy is used to prioritize the BOCR, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ratings approach. A control hierarchy is then created and...

Carpet weaving is a high risk occupation for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The objectives of the present study, which was carried out in the Iranian hand-woven carpet industry, were determination of the prevalence of MSD symptoms, identification of major factors associated with MSD symptoms and development of guidelines for workstation design. 1,439 randomly selected weavers part...