This study attempted to establish an image of a science writer based on a synthesis of writing theory, models, and research literature on academic writing in science and other disciplines and to contrast this image with an actual prototypical image of scientists as writers of science. The synthesis was used to develop a questionnaire to assess scientists’ writing habits, beliefs, strategies, an...

Epistemic modality devices are believed to be one of the prominent characteristics of research articles as the commonly used genre among the academic community members. Considering the importance of such devices in producing and comprehending scientific discourse, this study aimed to cross–culturally and cross-linguistically investigate epistemic modality markers as an important subcategory...

in this paper, the writers try to compare two authors, the iranian leftist, bozorg alavi (1904-1997) and the polish joseph conrad (1857-1924). although these two writers have different attitudes to socialism and the question of revolution, both share romantic idealism and a tragic sense of personal and social life. moreover, they both are precursors of modernist novel in their countries, and sh...

extremes and produced a story which is vivid, factual and Convincing. The theme?that of the cause and course of alcoholism ln a personality of refinement?is handled with insight and knowledge, sympathy and toleration, and built up without either sentimentality or sensationalism. Events move quickly but carry conviction, the style is impersonal and the descriptions succinct. To sticklers, the us...

it is said that the local historiography of iran – as a part of local historiography in islamic civilization – began after the widespread political, social, scientific, and cultural changes in various regions of iran and with khurāsān as its pioneer. but all the writers who have commented in this respect have disregarded the monographs that the traditionists of iraq school of historiography hav...

The current study sought to compare the rhetorical moves and steps that native-English-speaking Iranian authors of research articles (RAs) employ in writing up ‘discussion’ sections their RAs. It was hypothesized latter group is not as proficient RA discussions former group. A total 66 (N=66) from three reputable international academic journals were sampled years 2009 2019. This corpus then ana...

In academic writing, comparison and contrast is particularly valuable because it enables you to see familiar things in new ways. "Common sense" says that two things are the same, but a careful comparison and contrast demonstrates their important differences. That same common sense may say that two things are totally incompatible, but when you compare and contrast them systematically, you discov...

A new handwriting model is proposed for simulating complex handwriting variation in obedience to individual handwriting tendencies. Individual handwriting t,endency is represented as a set of deformation rules each of which deforms one structure of pen movements. Characters are represented as hierarchical descriptions of pen movements, so that deformation rules for various types of pen movement...

Iran and China are getting closer day by day, from economic to political social relations. Since media plays a significant role in shaping norms, relations, values society, it is not neutral medium propagate information only. Social elites, as well fractions, use shape public opinion with the least cost. Therefore, this paper attempts answer question which ideologies, thoughts Iranian football ...

All writers produce text content and ideally connect it together according to discourse conventions. We investigate whether a particularly strong discourse convention, the need for causal coherence in narratives, can predict the kind of text writers will produce. Causality has been found to be a significant discourse factor in reading comprehension and hence can be expected to determine also wh...