T his paper examines the effect of factors on the development of commercial banking in Iraq. Seven factors used as determinates for financial depth which are per capita GDP, inflation rate, government budget deficit, share of state-owned banks of total assets as proxy of financial repression, oil sector domination, international trade openness and political stability as explanatory v...

In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policie...

the effect of business regulations on economic growth (a selection of developed and developing countries) mohammad-hossein hosseinzade bahreini assistant professor of economics,ferdowsi university of mashhad mohammad ali falahi associate professor of economics,ferdowsi university of mashhad fatemeh erfany jahanshahi m.sc. in economics abstract in this research, the relationship between business...

SUMMARY This article summarizes Knechel, Thomas, and Driskill (2020), conceptualizing financial auditing as an economic service. In contrast to the production of tangible goods, a central characteristic services is substantial customer/client participation in process. Financial intensive collaborative network service due multiple parties involved consumption resulting output. introduces signifi...

Factoring is explicitly linked to the value of a supplier’s accounts receivable and receivables are sold, rather than collateralized, and factored receivables are not part of the estate of a bankrupt firm. Therefore, factoring may allow a high-risk supplier to transfer its credit risk to higher quality buyers. Empirical tests find that factoring is larger in countries with greater economic deve...

We analyze the welfare e¤ect of governmental regulation for individuals who consider anticipated regret in their decision making process. While governmental policies by directing choice distort individual decisions in the private market they can alleviate individuals’pain associated with the feeling of regret. We specify a general model to highlight this trade-o¤ and investigate two policies mo...

SYNOPSIS We examine the effectiveness of corporate governance in influencing insider trading around private in-house meetings (hereafter “private meetings”) between management and investors China. Consistent with better curbing (1) disclosure nonpublic price-sensitive information (2) trading, we find that quality is associated reduced frequency, value, profitability meetings. Firms appear to ex...

In a multi-industry growth model, firms require external funds to conduct productivityenhancing R&D, and are limited by financing constraints. The cost of research differs across industries, so financing constraints hinder productivity growth in some industries more than in others. Equilibrium industry dynamics map into a differences-indifferences regression specification where industry growth ...

This paper studies the efficiency of competitive equilibria in economies where the expansion of investment is facilitated by securitization. We show that the use of securitization is generally associated with constrained inefficient aggregate investment, thereby justifying regulatory intervention in markets for securitized assets. We examine the effectiveness of three policy instruments to addr...