Assigning credit for the discovery of a new element is often a difficult and complicated process. First, many elements were in use well before recorded history. In some cases, these elements were known in the form of their compounds, but not as pure elements. Elements that fall into this category include carbon, copper, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, sulfur, tin, and, perhaps, zinc. In addi...

Acidic tin–iron flow batteries (TIFBs) employing Sn/Sn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ as active materials are regarded promising energy storage devices due to their superior low capital cost, long lifecycle, high system reliability. In this paper, the performance of TIFBs is thoroughly investigated via a proposed dynamic model. Moreover, design operational parameters comprehensively analyzed. The simulation r...

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-preconditioned livers are protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury. ANP-treated organs show increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Because HO-1 liberates bound iron, the aim of our study was to determine whether ANP affects iron regulatory protein (IRP) activity and, thus, the levels of ferritin. Rat livers were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer [+/...

In this work, TiN/TiCN & PN/TiCN multilayer films were deposited by plasma- assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD). Plasma nitriding (PN) and TiN intermediate layer prior to coating leads to appropriate hardness gradient and it can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the coating. The composition, crystalline structure and phase of the films were investigated by X-ray d...

Bangka Belitung is one of the provinces in Indonesia known as a tin-producing area. Illegal tin mining results excavated holes. The characteristics water ex-mining pits are acidic and contain heavy metals such iron. This journal aims to determine effect filtration improving quality samples best doses Na2CO3 KMnO4 pre-treatment. Also find out which experiment resulted higher Fe removal efficienc...

background and aim: iron deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world today. it affects the lives of millions of women and children through contributing to poor cognitive development, increased maternal mortality and decreased work capacity.  because of the important role of iron in the physical and cognitive health, and for the universal consideration of eradicati...

In the history of metallurgy, Gold, cleaned from metal ores and melted, was first used by humans. During advent civilization, copper introduced through reduction process oxides in traditional furnace. This considered chemical producing metals, this 4000 BC. Nonetheless, gradually superseded bronze i.e. alloy with 10% tin, which is easier to cast melt. Bronze obtained mixture tine retrieved its ...