Many regions around the world are currently facing water shortages which inhibit development and economic growth. Although some of the allocation problems faced by these regions can be partially alleviated by improving agricultural irrigation efficiencies, another means for substantial water savings involves the reuse of municipal and industrial discharges to offset freshwater demands. In many ...

Oil and gas field wastewater or produced water is a significant waste stream in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the performance of a membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) and membrane sequencing batch reactor/reverse osmosis (MSBR/RO) process treating produced wastewater were investigated and compared. The MSBR was operated in different hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8, 20 and ...

Climate change has brought increased temperatures and decreased rainfall on a global scale; however, population growth requires greater volumes of water food each year that must be supplied in one way or another. In Mexico, application efficiencies gravity irrigation are below 50%. Although recent years the decision been made to pressurized systems increase efficiency use, border furrow is stil...

About 20% of the electricity produced in the world is consumed in rotary equipment for conveying fluids such as water, gas, air, and other liquids, while the loss of energy consumption in this sector is more than 60%. The aim of this study is to evaluate different efficiencies in the pumping stations in the pressurized irrigation systems to address low energy efficiency issues in the pump stati...

Dried stigma of saffron is the most expensive spice in world. In Iran, majority farms use traditional basin method for irrigation, which, together with other irrigation methods may soon face serious problems because droughts future. Making an evaluation regional crop response to important adoption a proper management strategy. this study, effect employing different methods, including sprinkler,...

limited information is available on water and nitrogen (n) management of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) in khuzestan, southwestern iran, where this crop is currently and extensively grown under heavy irrigation and n fertilization. therefore, a field experiment was conducted from september 2000 to march 2002 at the research department of karoon agro-industry in khuzestan to determine the ...