BINSWANGER'S disease (BD) is characterized by cerebrovascular lesions in the hemispheral white matter. Interest in BD has been stimulated recently by reports of low density in the periventricular white matter on computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in elderly patients with dementia. This radiographic appearance also is common in asymptomatic patients. To better defi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus is a high-risk factor for ischemic stroke. Diabetic stroke patients suffer worse outcomes, poor long-term recovery, risk of recurrent strokes, and extensive vascular damage. We investigated the neurorestorative effects and the underlying mechanisms of stroke treatment with human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats....

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a new type diffusion-weighted sequence which measures the non-Gaussianity of water diffusion. The present study aimed to investigate whether the parameters of DKI could distinguish between differences in water molecule diffusion in various brain regions under the conditions of acute infarction and to identify the optimal DKI parameter for locating ischemic ...

Discrete foci of white matter necrosis were observed in the telencephalic white matter in 6 cases of spontaneous ovine abortion. All fetuses were in the third trimester of gestation and 2 of the 6 were term fetuses. The lesions were distributed randomly throughout the cerebrocortical white matter and consist of pale hypocellular plaques with a variable glial cell response and encrustation of ne...

Few clinically effective approaches reduce CNS-white matter injury. After early in-vivo white matter infarct, NFκB-driven pro-inflammatory signals can amplify a relatively small amount of vascular damage, resulting in progressive endothelial dysfunction to create a severe ischemic lesion. This process can be minimized by 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ(2)), an analog of the metabolicall...

Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes oligodendrogenesis and attenuates white matter injury in neonatal rats. However, it is unknown whether this effect extends to adult mice and whether EPO regulate microglia polarization after ischemic stroke. Male adult C57BL/6 mice (25-30g) were subjected to 45 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). EPO (5000 IU/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neuroimaging correlates of cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS We identified 759 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lacunes, white matter hyperintensity, and cerebral microbleed (CMB) were assessed using MR images. Deep CMB was d...

Hemodialysis is associated with significant circulatory stress that could produce recurrent and cumulative ischemic insults to multiple organs, such as the brain. We aimed to characterize hemodialysis-induced brain injury by longitudinally studying the effects of hemodialysis on brain white matter microstructure and further examine if the use of cooled dialysate could provide protection against...

Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits inflammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. Therefore, we hypothesized that carnosine would also protect against white matter damage caused by subcortical ischemic injury. White matter damage was induced by right unilateral...

After an ischemic stroke, there is a prolonged inflammatory response and secondary phase of injury that is more amenable to treatment than acute neurotoxicity. Surprisingly, little is known about temporal and spatial relationships between inflammation and white matter injury. Here, we quantified development of white matter damage, inflammation, and a glial limitans at 1, 3, and 7 days after tra...