in recent years, significant research efforts have been devoted to the optimal planning of power systems. substation expansion planning (sep) as a sub-system of power system planning consists of finding the most economical solution with the optimal location and size of future substations and/or feeders to meet the future demand. the large number of design variables, and combination of discrete ...

Island populations provide natural laboratories for studying key contributors to evolutionary change, including natural selection, population size and the colonization of new environments. The demographic histories of island populations can be reconstructed from patterns of genetic diversity. House mice (Mus musculus) inhabit islands throughout the globe, making them an attractive system for st...

BACKGROUND Five species of Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) are recognized in the Hawaiian Islands, including the widespread M. polymorpha, and are characterized by a multitude of distinctive, yet overlapping, habit, ecological, and morphological forms. It remains unclear, despite several previous studies, whether the morphological variation within Hawaiian Metrosideros is due to hybridization, genetic...

reversible logic circuits have found emerging attentions in nanotechnology,optical computing, quantum computing and low power design. a programmablelogic array (pla) is a universal circuit which is used to implement combinationallogic circuits. the main part of a pla is its and array. in this study we propose twotypes of optimized reversible programmable logic array (rpla) circuits. the firstty...

the speech enhancement techniques are often employed to improve the quality and intelligibility of the noisy speech signals. this paper discusses a novel technique for speech enhancement which is based on singular value decomposition. this implementation utilizes a genetic algorithm based optimization method for reducing the effects of environmental noises from the singular vectors as well as t...

optimization of cutting conditions is a non-linear optimization with constraint and it is very important to the increase of productivity and the reduction of costs. in recent years, several evolutionary and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms were introduced. the cuckoo optimization algorithm (coa) is one of several recent and powerful meta-heuristics which is inspired by the cuckoos and the...

Nowadays genetic algorithms stand as a trend to solve NPcomplete and NP-hard problems. In this paper, we present a new hybrid metaheuristic which uses Parallel Genetic Algorithms and Scatter Search coupled with a decomposition-into-petals procedure for solving a class of Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems. The parallel genetic algorithm presented is based on the island model and was run on...