The M2 protein of the influenza A virus acts both as a drug-sensitive proton channel and mediates virus budding through membrane scission. The segment responsible for causing membrane curvature is an amphipathic helix in the cytoplasmic domain of the protein. Here, we use (31)P and (13)C solid-state NMR to examine M2-induced membrane curvature. M2(22-46), which includes only the transmembrane (...

The space of the associative commutative hyper complex numbers, H4, is a 4-dimensional metric Finsler space with the Berwald-Moor metric. It provides the possibility to construct the tensor fields on the base of the analytical functions of the H4 variable and also in case when this analyticity is broken. Here we suggest a way to construct the metric tensor of a 4-dimensional pseudo Riemannian s...

Theory of drift of spiral waves has been developed for isotropic and anisotropic plane and isotropic sphere. Here, we proceed to parts of the isotropic torus surface with no-flux boundary conditions and show how velocity components and drift coefficients depend on core position, grid size and local surface curvature.

This is a survey article about the recent developments in classifying Randers metrics of scalar flag curvature under an additional condition on the isotropic S-curvature. The authors give an outline of the proof for the classification theorem.

In this paper, we study the Ricci flow on higher dimensional compact manifolds. We prove that nonnegative isotropic curvature is preserved by the Ricci flow in dimensions greater than or equal to four. In order to do so, we introduce a new technique to prove that curvature functions defined on the orthonormal frame bundle are preserved by the Ricci flow. At a minimum of such a function, we comp...

We prove that any smooth orientable closed four-manifold admits a Riemannian metric with negative isotropic curvature in the sense of Micallef and Moore.