Cervical insufficiency (CI) is one of the main pathological conditions that leads to pregnancy loss, in particular, recurrence miscarriages and premature births, which account for up 5 % all obstetric cases. Recurrence losses caused by CI lead serious psychological trauma both woman her family members, as well significant economic society. However, many women some regions world still do not kno...

A 35-year-old male who had been receiving conservative treatment for L4 isthmic spondylolisthesis suffered from pyogenic spondylodiscitis in the degenerative L4/L5 intervertebral disc space, which could be identified by comparison with previous images. Symptoms improved with conservative antibiotic treatment. Neovascularization may occur in the annulus fibrosus of a degenerative intervertebral ...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com bilaterally. However, in situations of chronic, unilateral pars lysis, the neural arch tends to fail elsewhere on the contra-lateral side, secondary to recurrent strains imparted across [2]. These unusual situations result in the development of defects in the non-isthmic portions of neural arch: either involving the contra-lateral pedicle or lamina ...

We reviewed 20 adult patients with spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis an average of 10.5 years after treatment by anterior spinal fusion. Nineteen patients had excellent or satisfactory results. Ten of the patients were symptom-free at one year, and 15 were asymptomatic at final follow-up. Anterior spinal fusion can produce results comparable to those of posterior fusion with or withou...

This study focuses on the biaxial mechanical properties of planar aorta tissue at strain rates likely to be experienced during automotive crashes. It also examines the structural response of the whole aorta to longitudinal tension. Twenty-six tissue-level tests were conducted using twelve thoracic aortas harvested from human cadavers. Cruciate samples were excised from the ascending, peri-isthm...

The embryonic tectum displays an anteroposterior gradient in development and produces the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. Studies suggest that partition of the tectum is controlled by different strengths and durations of FGF signals originated from the so-called isthmic organizer at the mid/hindbrain junction; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that deleting Ptpn...

The mesencephalic and metencephalic region (MMR) of the vertebrate central nervous system develops in response to signals produced by the isthmic organizer (IsO). We have previously reported that the LIM homeobox transcription factor Lmx1b is expressed within the chick IsO, where it is sufficient to maintain expression of the secreted factor wnt1. In this paper, we show that zebrafish express t...