V kappa gene family expression among LPS-reactive murine B lymphocytes, unlike that of VH gene families, is not proportional to genomic complexity, i.e., nonstoichiometric. Furthermore, no positional bias for the overexpression of J-proximal V kappa genes (V kappa 21) is observed among neonatal B lymphocytes. Yet, the V kappa 1 and V kappa 9 families located in the center of V kappa locus are p...

For a topological space $X$ its reflection in class $\mathsf T$ of spaces is pair $(\mathsf T X,i_X)$ consisting X\in\mathsf and continuous map $i_X:X\to \mathsf X$ such that for any $f:X\to Y$ to $Y\in\mathsf there exists unique $\bar f:\mathsf X\to $f=\bar f\circ i_X$. In this paper an infinite cardinal $\kappa$ nonempty set $M$ ultrafilters on $\kappa$, we study the reflections classes H_\ka...

Examination of the in vitro V kappa gene rearrangements of murine adult bone marrow-derived pre-B cell lines reveals that 21 of 25 (84%) cell lines have rearranged a member of the V kappa 4 family. In contrast, analysis of two V kappa cDNA libraries prepared from LPS-stimulated adult spleen cells indicates that only 17% of the Ig kappa cDNAs contain sequences belonging to the V kappa 4 gene fam...

Murine V kappa-J kappa recombination is characterized by a maintenance of size at the site of recombination and the use of nucleic acids found only in germline sequences. This is in contrast to heavy chain VH-D-JH assembly where random nucleotides are added at the recombination sites to produce considerable size variation, even though the heptamer/nonomer recombination sequences are identical i...

Repeated cocaine exposure upregulates kappa opioids and their receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system; the ensuing kappa-mediated dysphoria appears to contribute to addiction and withdrawal. As a potential rehabilitation strategy to reverse cocaine-induced kappa sensitization, the present study used tritiated dopamine release assays to examine the induction of kappa-opioid tolerance in cultur...

Structural analysis of the promoters of several endothelial genes induced at sites of inflammatory or immune responses reveals binding sites for the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Endothelial cells express transcripts encoding the p50/p105 and p65 components of NF-kappa B and the rel-related proto-oncogene c-rel; steady state levels of these transcripts are transientl...

Proteolytic degradation of the C-terminal region of NF-(kappa)B precursors to their active DNA binding forms represents an important regulatory step in the activation of NF-(kappa)B. NF-(kappa)B2(p100) is found ubiquitously in the cytoplasm; however, the site and mechanism of processing to p52 have not previously been defined. We show by deletion mapping that processing of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) te...

IFN-kappa is a recently identified type I IFN that exhibits both structural and functional homology with the other type I IFN subclasses. In this study, we have investigated the effect of IFN-kappa on cells of the innate immune system by comparing cytokine release following treatment of human cells with either IFN-kappa or two recombinant IFN subtypes, IFN-beta and IFN-alpha2a. Although IFN-alp...

Ascorbate-enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophage J774.1 cells through the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway. The iNOS gene was synergistically induced by LPS and IFN-gamma. The inductive mechanism of ascorbate on the iNOS gene was studied by examining the degradation of I kappa B alpha by Western blot...