The heart of the crustaceans has its own pacemaker neurons inside the heart, which are composed of 9 neurons. The neurons receive innervations of only three kinds of axons originated from the central nervous system; one pair of inhibitory and two pairs of acceleratory axons. Thus, in terms of the neural cardiac control from higher center, this system may have much more simplistic operation comp...

The heart of the crustaceans has its own pacemaker neurons inside the heart, which are composed of 9 neurons. The neurons receive innervations of only three kinds of axons originated from the central nervous system; one pair of inhibitory and two pairs of acceleratory axons. Thus, in terms of the neural cardiac control from higher center, this system may have much more simplistic operation comp...

Several protozoan and helminth parasites can affect the central nervous system. In some cases the parasite may have a tropism for the central nervous system (CNS) and this represents the primary affect of the pathogen. In many cases, though, the pathogen does not exhibit a specific tropism for the CNS and affects many other organs and tissues. However, the symptoms associated with the invasion ...

 ABSTRACT Life-threatening infections caused by the encapsulated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans have been increasing steadily over the past 10 years. Cryptococcus neoformans is recognized as the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients. We report the development of a semi-nested- PCR-based assay for the ...

lumbar puncture is one of the most common methods for assessment of central nervous system. allen is illustrating the role of nurses in relation to probable fears about this technique. question: what is lumbar puncture? answer: this technique is proper method that one needle and trocar enter to subarachnoid space in lumbar spine. this method is most common diagnostic test for central nervous sy...

conclusions post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of mencevax acwy. introduction post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. it is triggered by certain vaccines. the diagnosis of post-vaccination encephalomyelitis depends on the close temporal relationship between vaccination and clinical presentation. case presentation w...

background: diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animals. these deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in brain. in diabetic animals, impairments of spatial learning, memory, and cognition occur in association with distinct changes in hippocampus, a key brain area for many forms of learning and memory and are particularly sensitive ...

conclusions considering that neuronal function highly depends on environmental conditions, any adverse alteration may affect the function and morphology of neurons. in this regard, our results showed the adverse effects of protein malnutrition on the morphology of the purkinje cells of cerebellum. results the low-protein group did not gain weight as much as control group (p < 0.05). the diamete...

Background: About half of all brain tumors are primary, and the remainder are metastatic. Tumors of the nervous system have unique characteristics that set them apart from neoplastic processes elsewhere in the body. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified central nervous system (CNS) tumors as grades I to IV in increasing order of malignancy. The goal of this study was to follow the...

Synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals has been discussed for many years. Several forms of synaptic plasticity of mammal&rsquo;s CNS have been identified, such as those that occur in long-term potentiation (LTP). Different types of LTP have been observed in distinctive areas of the CNS of mammals. The hippocampus is one of the most important areas in the CNS that pla...