A large body of empirical work in labor and public economics analyzes the behavioral response of earnings to taxes and transfers using the standard static model where agents choose to supply hours of work until the marginal disutility of work equals marginal utility of disposable (net-of-tax) income. This model, which from now on we call the standard model, predicts that, if individual preferen...

How wages and non labor income affect the decisions to work and hours of work are critical for understanding the work disincentive effects of taxes and transfers, and the attendant design of optimal income tax and transfer schemes. I use data from the Current Population Survey and variation induced by fundamental reforms to the U.S. tax and welfare systems in recent decades to estimate the labo...

This article pursues two tasks. The first is to clarify the value and productivity of Williams’s Keywords: a vocabulary culture society (first edition 1976, second expanded 1983a) for project Cultural Studies. clarification helped, I argue, by reading it alongside Vološinov’s Marxism philosophy language (published in Russian 1929, translated into English 1973). related task speculative developm...