CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes give rise to both conventional TCRαβ+ T cells and invariant natural killer (iNKT cells), but these two kinds of display different characteristics. The molecular mechanism underlying iNKT cell lineage development function acquisition remain be elucidated. We show that the loss chromatin assembly factor 1B (CHAF1b) maintains normal severely impairs early cells....

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family and represent the main cytotoxic population. NK cells develop from bone marrow common lymphoid progenitors and undergo terminal differentiation in the periphery, where they finally gain their cytotoxic competence as well as the ability to produce IFN-γ in response to engagement of activating receptors. This process has ...

background: genetic variation influences susceptibility/resistance to tuberculosis. cxcl10 is involved in t-cell migration and stimulation of natural killer cells in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. objectives: we aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in promoter of the cxcl10 gene in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) and healthy controls, to clarify whether polymorphisms...

Tuberculosis is a vagarious infectious disease that generally affects the lungs. Accordingly, in some cases, it can also affect the liver and kidney. Host genetic may affect tuberculosis caused by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The main risk factors for the disease are a weakened immune system because of diabetes, some cancers, HIV/AIDS, severe kidney disease, cancer treatment, a...

The aim of the present study was to investigate, in 152 Spanish patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the possibility that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) influence progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. KIRs are related to the activation and inhibition of natural killer cells and may play an important role in the innate response against infection with such viruses ...

Cytoplasmic linear double-stranded DNA plasmids (or virus-like elements [VLEs]) encoding a secreted toxin, immunity to the toxin, and their own replication and transcription systems were first discovered in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis by Norio Gunge [1]. The K. lactis toxin, like similar protein toxins produced by similar cytoplasmic linear DNA plasmids in Pichia acacia and Debaryomyces robe...

Yeast strains carrying a 1.5 x 10(6) molecular weight linear double-stranded RNA in virus-like particles (M dsRNA, the killer plasmid or virus) secrete a toxin that is lethal to strains not carrying this plasmid. Recessive mutations in any of four chromosomal genes (called ski1-ski4) result in increased production of toxin activity. We report here a mutation of the killer plasmid (called [KIL-s...

BACKGROUND Natural killer cell tumors can be broadly divided by origin into mature-cell and progenitor-cell types. The invasion of nasal-origin natural killer cells into the ophthalmologic field is sometimes observed in patients, but primary ocular natural killer cell tumors are a rare occurrence. CASE PRESENTATION A 66 year-old woman without any systemic disease presented with blurred vision...

In social species, breeding system and gregarious behavior are key factors influencing the evolution of large-scale population genetic structure. The killer whale is a highly social apex predator showing genetic differentiation in sympatry between populations of foraging specialists (ecotypes), and low levels of genetic diversity overall. Our comparative assessments of kinship, parentage and di...