We present a kinetic version of the Watanabe-Strogatz (WS) transform for vector models in this paper. From generalized WS-transform, we can reduce model into an ODE system. also obtain cross-ratio type constant motion functionals under suitable conditions. sufficient and necessary conditions existence suggested functionals. As application functional, provide instability bipolar states swarm sph...

introduction: advanced oxidation processes (aops) suggest a highly reactive, nonspecific oxidant namely hydroxyl radical (oh•), that oxidize a wide range of pollutants fast and non-selective in wastewater and water. materials and methods: in this work, the nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were primed by sol-gel method, characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron micros...

sorption reactions in many heterogeneous systems are important. adsorption is a time dependent process and knowing the adsorption rate is essential for designing, evaluating and recovering the adsorbents. at the present study, an ammonium adsorption kinetic experiment by some soils series of golestan provice, which is varying in mineralogical and textural properties was conducted using solution...

Ag films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on insulating SiO2 and mica substrates and exhibited a morphological progression beginning with nucleation of 3D islands and culminating in a continuous, electrically conducting film. The rate of advancement through this progression with increasing pulse frequency was studied with experiments and with Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments at...

The reversibility of the NAD+ kinase reaction was established, and the kinetic parameters of the rate equation in the reverse direction were determined. The equilibrium constant of the reaction was determined by using the purified pigeon liver enzyme and radioactively labelled nicotinamide nucleotides. The relationship between kinetic parameters of the forward and reverse reactions is in reason...

1. Kinetic investigations of the reaction catalysed by ATP-creatine phosphotransferase have been carried out. 2. No firm conclusions could be reached about the reaction of Mg(2+) at the nucleotide-binding site of the enzyme. The value of the kinetic constant for this reaction depends on the value used for the apparent stability constant of the metal ion-nucleotide complex and, to a smaller exte...

The degradation of wine distillery wastewaters by aerobic biological treatment has been investigated in a batch reactor. The evolution of the chemical oxygen demand, biomass and total contents of polyphenolic and aromatic compounds was followed through each experiment. According to the Contois model, a kinetic expression for the substrate utilization rate is derived, and its biokinetic constant...

A theoretical model of a surface electrode reaction coupled with a preceding chemical reaction (surface CE electrode mechanism) is theoretically studied under conditions of square-wave voltammetry. The position and the shape of the theoretical voltammograms are function of the redox kinetic parameter k 1⁄4 ks f where ks is the standard electron exchange rate constant and f is the frequency of t...

Using high-resolution direct numerical simulation and arguments based on the kinetic energy flux Π(u), we demonstrate that, for stably stratified flows, the kinetic energy spectrum E(u)(k)∼k(-11/5), the potential energy spectrum E(θ)(k)∼k(-7/5), and Π(u)(k)∼k(-4/5) are consistent with the Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling. This scaling arises due to the conversion of kinetic energy to the potential ener...