always on kingdom history of the world a king without a crown is unconceivable. the persian kings were not exception of this rule. iranian ancient kings crown as one of the aspects of the monarchy and power, the image of king while makes he distinguishes from other persons is visible in various artistic works. one of the important artistic works that image of iran’s kings with their power symbo...

Khalaf Y Guy’s Hospital Campus, Kings College London, UK Email: [email protected]

the decentralized structure of the arsacid empire brought both positive and negative consequences to the country. despite all confusions, this particular political trend helped ancient and local traditions to grow and flourish. at this time pars although has been isolated but played an important role to guard and respect the basic ideologies of the past achaemenids. persis kings’ coins minted f...