Since the indirect m e h r e m e n t o f hlood pressure based o n the principle of arterial occlusion using a forearm cuff was introduced by Scipione Kiva-Rocci in 1896 111 and subsequently nlodifiecl t o incorporate auscultation by Nicolai Korotkolf in 1905 (21, this technique h:a been the universal method used in the assessment of blood pressure in medial practice. Most of the evidence showin...

A multi-pulse injection strategy for premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion was investigated in a four-valve, direct-injection diesel engine by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using KIVA-3V code coupled with detailed chemistry. The effects of fuel splitting proportion, injection timing, spray angles, and injection velocity were examined. The mixing process and fo...

This three-wave longitudinal study was set out to examine the interplay between individual characteristics (social standing in the classroom) and descriptive and injunctive classroom norms (behavior and attitudes, respectively) in explaining subsequent bullying behavior, defined as initiating, assisting, or reinforcing bullying. The target sample contained fourth- to sixth-grade students (n = 2...

This study (a) compared native Finns and immigrant children with respect to different forms of peer victimization and (b) tested whether intrapersonal (e.g., depression) and interpersonal (e.g., peer rejection) sample was drawn from the first phase of a large intervention evaluation project, KiVa, in Finland, composed of 4,957 native Finns (51% girls), 146 first-generation immigrants (48% girls...

The effects of in-cylinder water injection on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program based on the Kiva-3v code. The spray model is validated against experimental bomb data with good agreement for vapor penetration as a function of time. It was found that liquid penetration increased approximately 35% with 23% of the fuel volume repl...

This study addresses the successive calls to better understand contexts of crowdfunding as well interplay between social and financial factors in driving lender decisions by deploying economic development theory inspired on two-sector model. Making recourse leading prosocial platform KIVA, this examines impact business-loan purpose (traditional vs modern) success fundraising campaigns. The resu...