A study was conducted to evaluate the chemical and microbiological quality of pasteurized milk samples belonging to five brands: Milk vita, Tatka, Farm Fresh, Aarong and RD milk. Pasteurized milk of different brands were collected from the retail store of Sylhet city and the laboratory examination was conducted at Dairy Science Laboratory under the Dept. of Dairy and Poultry Science, Sylhet Agr...

In Crypto '93, S. Brands presented a very eecient oo-line electronic cash scheme based on the representation problem in groups of prime order. In Crypto '95 a very eecient oo-line divisible e-cash scheme based on factoring Williams integers was presented by T. Okamoto. We demonstrate one eecient attack on Okamoto's scheme and two on Brands' scheme which allow users to misrepresent their identit...

Building on the Stereotype Content Model, this paper introduces and tests the Brands as Intentional Agents Framework. A growing body of research suggests that consumers have relationships with brands that resemble relations between people. We propose that consumers perceive brands in the same way they perceive people. This approach allows us to explore how social perception theories and process...

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) often allows participants to redeem food benefits for various brands at different costs. To aid the program's food cost containment efforts, it is important to understand the individual and store characteristics associated with brand choices. This study used the WIC Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) data for 239,0...

Why are some brands more elastic than others? Prior research shows that consumers are more accepting of extensions into distant product categories for brands with prestige concepts (Rolex) than for brands with functional concepts (Timex). In this article, the authors examine consumers’ style of thinking—analytic versus holistic thinking—to better understand the elasticity of prestige versus fun...

The highlighting effect occurs when the order in which consumers learn about brands determines the strength of association between these brands and their attributes. In four experiments, we find that consumers more strongly associate common attributes with early learned brands and unique attributes with late-learned brands. These findings imply an advantage for late entrants when unique attribu...

The Chinese government launched the “going abroad” policy in 2001 to encourage Chinese companies to invest and create Chinese brands in international markets. However, the perceptions of Chinese brands among Western consumers have been shown to be consistently low, especially amongst European consumers. This research aims to investigate the Irish consumers’ perception of Chinese brands and how ...

Manufacturers and retailers have chosen varied brand portfolio structures for business performance. This study surveys consumer attitudes toward manufacturers’ brands and retailers’ store brands chosen from Taiwan retailing outlets. Research findings indicate that manufacturers’ brands intensify high quality and high price strategies, pursue appropriate promotion activities, and develop brand e...

Indian mobile handset industry has seen explosive growth backed by liberalization and heavy investment in the telecommunication infrastructure. With growth it becomes extremely important for mobile handset brands to position their brands properly. This paper attempts to know how customers perceive different brands of mobile handset in the light of attributes considered by consumers in making pu...

Four commercial brands of infant milk formula were investigated, and the amount of shelf lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) or, more exactly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, which are the end products of lipid peroxidation. TBARS level, indicated by MDA concentration, was higher in the vegetarian brands. The vegetarian brands are, as expe...