We use cryo-scanning electron microscopy to investigate capillary dominated fluid penetration into a range of papers including unfilled kraft and TMP laboratory sheets, PCC and talc-filled kraft papers with variable filler loadings, laboratory sheets with variable fines contents and a range of papers with differing degrees of sizing. We find that in all unsized samples the penetration of the we...

he Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) sponsored a Paper InT dustry Research Needs workshop at the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, New York, May 26-28,1992, The Pulping and Bleaching Processes Panel identified the major need in kraft black liquor recovery, namely, an affordable, incremental, chemical recovery capa...

The aim of the present work was to find an optimum kraft pulping process for olive tree pruning (OTP) in order to produce a bleachable grade pulp of Kappa number about 17. The kraft pulp produced under optimized conditions showed a viscosity of 31.5 mPa.s and good physical, mechanical, and optical properties, which are acceptable for paper grade production. The strength and optical properties w...

In this study, Eucalyptus globulus stumpwood samples collected from six different sites in Portugal were evaluated for their ease of pulping, using two delignification processes (kraft and alkaline sulfite-anthraquinonemethanol (ASAM)). Morphologically, the stumpwood included fibers with a mean length of 0.930 mm, diameter of 21.4 μm, lumen width of 9.1 μm, and cell-wall thickness of 6.1 μm. Th...

This review analyses the advances of pretreatment with sulfide-containing liquors to modify kraft pulping. In the past several decades, modified kraft pulping has advanced rapidly, based on the principle that high sulfide content at the first stage of cooking would improve both pulp quality and the selectivity of delignification. Pretreatment of wood chips with sulfide-containing liquors (i.e.b...

one of the solutions to increase the applications of lignin molecules is increasing reactive functional groups by chemical modification. adding reactive functional groups into the lignin structures is one the best proposed methods. the aim of this study was to investigate change in structure as well as glass transition temperature (tg) of soda and kraft lignins after hydroxymethylation them wit...

Without reclamation of waste liquor and chemicals recovery, the kraft pulp and paper industry would constitute an enormous pollution problem. Already for economical reasons, substantial recovery is secured, however, and considerable further improvements are foreseen. Recovery is outlined in terms of cycles for sodium, calcium, sulphur, and—in a wider sense—carbon. In addition, the mechanical lo...

Lignin is a precursor of humus, and by-product the pulp paper industry. This study investigated synthesis soil conditioning materials from industrial lignins (kraft, soda sulphite), through ammoxidation. The were characterized ammoxidized in 1 L Parr reactor at 80 °C, 10 barg, for 4 h, with 7 wt% ammonia lignin reaction mixture. A plant trial assessment products was conducted over four weeks. N...