BACKGROUND Breast cancer has recently increased in post-menopausal Iraqi women. In Western countries at high-risk for breast cancer, there is a bimodal increase in estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors with a peak of low proliferation rate luminal A over higher proliferation rate luminal B tumors after 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze in Iraqi women whether shifts are occu...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...

this study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding amongtwo iranian sub-cultures (kurdish and northern women).the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether northern and kurdish women differed in their desired and achieved levels of privacy in parks. the second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the d...

this study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding amongtwo iranian sub-cultures (kurdish and northern women).the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether northern and kurdish women differed in their desired and achieved levels of privacy in parks. the second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the d...

learner autonomy has become the area of interest by many researchers of foreign language learning in the recent years. however, few studies have been done concerning the case of kurdish learners` autonomy in learning languages. for this reason, the current study addresses this gap. it intends to investigate to what extent kurdish learners are autonomous in learning english language. the study i...

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between individuals’ attitudes towards their mother tongue and lexical attrition. The is based on data from a study wherein 10 Kurdish-Turkish bilinguals were asked to narrate well-known story in of Kurdish. These individuals selected among 104 participants according score Mother Tongue Attitude Scale (MTAS), scale used determine attitu...

The association between language and territory is particularly significant in terms of indigenousness. Therefore, the argument this paper to examine aspect Kurdish through interpretation political movement Turkey based on self-identification, an essential component indigeneity. Since 1990s, has been demanding mother-tongue rights with growing grassroots support. This study examines pro-Kurdish ...

the definition and typological description of the category of voice can be provided in two ways: i) at the level of semantic arguments (or semantic roles), ii) at the level of grammatical relations (or syntactic functions). the most important theoretical concept that is determined in terms of these two levels of representations and enables one to capture the rich variety of voices is that of di...

in the recent theory of generative grammar there are two major views on case assignment. the standard chomskyan view stats that case is assigned by the grammatical head to the closest np through an agreement relationship (baker, 2010). in this approach case has a purely syntactic notion as a case assigner and is directly related to structural cases and structural relations of case receiving nps...