let l = u3(9) be the simple projective unitary group in dimension 3 over a eld with 92 elements. in this article, we classify groups with the same order and degree pattern as an almost simple group related to l. since aut(l) = z4 hence almost simple groups related to l are l, l : 2 or l : 4. in fact, we prove that l, l : 2 and l : 4 are od-characterizable.

The computation tree of a nondeterministic machine M with input x gives rise to a leaf string formed by concatenating the outcomes of all the computations in the tree in lexicographical order. We may characterize problems by considering, for a particular \leaf language" Y , the set of all x for which the leaf string of M is contained in Y . In this way, in the context of polynomial time computa...

One of the fundamental results of finite model theory is Immerman’s characterization [10,11] of the complexity class NL (non-deterministic logspace) as the class of problems definable in transitive closure logic augmented with a built-in successor relation, (±TC)∗[FOs]. Essentially, by “built-in successor relation” we mean that any sentence of the logic has access to a successor relation on the...

We present a functional characterization of deterministic logspace-computable predicates based on a variant (although not a subsystem) of propositional linear logic, which we call parsimonious logic. The resulting calculus is simply-typed and contains no primitive besides those provided by the underlying logical system, which makes it one of the simplest higher-order languages capturing logspac...

Methylation of aspartic acid residues was first described in the literature in erythrocytes as a possible step of repairing aged membrane proteins [1]. During the process of aging, L-aspartyl residues are spontaneously converted to L-isoaspartyl via the unstable intermediate L-succinimide which undergoes a spontaneous hydrolysis, generating a mixture of normal L-aspartate (15-30%) and abnormal ...

We are conducting experiments to generate selfamplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in the farinfrared region and to measure its characteristics, such as peak power, dependency on the K-value, and spectral width, using a single bunch electron beam accelerated with the L-band linac at ISIR, Osaka University. The measured characteristics are in good agreement with the one-dimensional model of SAS...

In this paper, we will present a definability theorem for first order logic. This theorem is very easy to state, and its proof only uses elementary tools. To explain the theorem, let us first observe that if M is a model of a theory T in a language L, then, clearly, any definable subset S ⊂ M (i.e., a subset S = {a | M |= φ(a)} defined by some formula φ) is invariant under all automorphisms of ...

Many species are sexually dimorphic and, interestingly, males in some species are dimorphic themselves: some males develop weapons and ornaments, whereas others express rudimentary ornaments or none at all (horned beetles, Onthophagus taurus: Emlen, Lavine, & Ewen-Campen, 2007; Moczek & Emlen, 2000; bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: Dominey, 1980; Gross & Charnov, 1980; ruffs, Philomachus ...