Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) provide a cost-effective way for securing communications using public and insecure networks like the Internet. The main purpose of a VPN is to securely and transparently connect two or more remote networks to form virtually a single network, using centralized security policies for better management and protection. However, in certain scenarios, users may not requ...

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The effect of base temperature variation on the heat transfer from unsteady state annular heat sink of cooling microelectronic device. Three types of the base temperature variation equations are taken in the present study. The Sine wave variation, Cosine wave variation & exponential variation of the base temperature. The finite element technique based on Galerkin method with axisymmetric rectan...

This document analyses the security of the BGP/MPLS IP virtual private network (VPN) architecture that is described in RFC 4364, for the benefit of service providers and VPN users. The analysis shows that BGP/MPLS IP VPN networks can be as secure as traditional layer-2 VPN services using Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or Frame Relay. Behringer Informational [Page 1] RFC 4381 Security of BGP/M...

Every organization chooses a virtual private network (VPN) as their top option since it is practical and secure solution. Through the use of network, this study seeks to evaluate in SMK (VPN). The descriptive qualitative research used was carried out at lab Negeri 1 Ampek Angkek. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, document analysis studies. method data employed analysis. result...

The virtual private network (VPN) provides customers with predictable and secure network connections over a shared network infrastructure. The recently proposed hose model for VPNs has desirable properties in terms of greater flexibility and better multiplexing gain. However, the ‘classic’ fair bandwidth allocation scheme introduces the issue of low overall utilisation in this model; furthermor...

Virtual private networks (VPNs) are widely recommended to protect otherwise insecure industrial control protocols. VPNs provide confidentiality, integrity and availability, and are often considered to be secure. However, implementation vulnerabilities and protocol flaws expose VPN weaknesses in many deployments. This paper uses a probabilistic model to evaluate and quantify the security of VPN ...

VPN services have been available for decades but not widely used until recently. A combination of new VPN technologies, network technologies and business communication requirements is the driving force behind the take-up of VPN services. This paper gives an overview of recent VPN solutions and analyses their scalability and flexibility. VPN solutions are categorized and related to potential cus...

The Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) is a protocol for setting up Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnels from a remote location to a gateway so that the VPN client can access services in the network behind the gateway. This document defines an IKEv2 extension that allows an overloaded VPN gateway or a VPN gateway that is being shut down for maintenance to redirect the VPN client ...

We describe an efficient cross-protocol attack, which enables an attacker to learn the VPN session key shared between a victim client and a VPN endpoint. The attack recovers the key which is used to encrypt and authenticate VPN traffic. It leverages a weakness of the RADIUS protocol executed between a VPN endpoint and a RADIUS server, and allows an “insider” attacker to read the VPN traffic of ...