Glutamine is the most abundant free alpha-AA in the mammalian body, and large amounts of glutamine are extracted by both the fetus during pregnancy and the mammary gland during lactation. The work presented here addressed the hypothesis that there would be major changes in glutamine metabolism in the mare during the transition period, the time between late gestation, parturition, and early lact...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding on virgin olive oil (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) at 50% and 100% with or without thyme leaves at 1% and 2.5% on pregnancy and lactation periods. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult female rats (120 ±5g) were randomly divided into 15 groups (n=8) for month before mating. On 19 th day of pregnancy, half of pregnant rats were weighted...

The effect of cow genetic merit on the performance of spring calving Holstein Friesian dairy cows in first, second and third lactation was investigated. The study contained 96 first lactation animals in 1995, 96 second lactation animals in 1996, and 72 third lactation animals in 1997. Half of the animals were of high genetic merit (HG) and half of medium genetic merit (MG) for milk production. ...

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is the most stressful period in the life of a cow. During this transition, homeorhetic adaptations are coordinated across almost every organ and are marked by changes in hormones and metabolism to accommodate the increased energetic demands of lactation. Recent data from our laboratory showed that changes in circadian clocks occur in multiple tissues d...

During the transition period, the lipid metabolism of dairy cows is markedly affected by energy status. Fatty liver is one of the main health disorders after parturition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a negative energy balance (NEB) at 2 stages in lactation [NEB at the onset of lactation postpartum (p.p.) and a deliberately induced NEB by feed restriction near 100 d in mi...

Objective: Evaluate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during pregnancy and lactation and evaluate BMD and fracture risk in nulliand multiparous women. Design: Review article Setting: Manuscript published in PubMed from 1966. Main outcome measure: Rate of BMD changes during pregnancy and lactation and BMD and fracture incidence in nulliand multiparous women. Results: Both a pregnancy and six...

Data on 657 lactation from 163 Maltese goat, collected over a 5-year period were analyzed by a mixed model to estimate the variance components for heritability. The considered lactation traits were: milk yield (MY) and lactation length (LL). Year, parity and type of birth (single or twin) were significant sources of variation for lactation length; on the other hand milk yield was significantly ...

The period of transition between late pregnancy and early lactation presents an important metabolic challenge to the high-yielding dairy cows. They need, especially for the high milk yield, more nutrients and energy supply than other animals. The aim of this study was to attempt at providing a complete picture of dynamics of selected biochemical blood parameters in dairy cows from late pregnanc...

An understanding of the mechanisms regulating milk yield in sows is crucial for producers to make the best management decisions during lactation. Suckling of mammary glands by piglets is one factor that is essential for development of these glands during lactation and for the maintenance of lactation in sows. The process of mammary development is not static as the majority of it takes place in ...