It is shown how the closure condition for the set of kinetic equations in Zubarev's Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method introduces a series of uxes of a reference set of densities. These uxes are the average values, over a Gibbs-like nonequilibrium generalized grandcanonical ensemble, of Hermitian operators for uxes de ned at the microscopic-mechanical level. The equations of evolution f...

The method of Lagrange functionals is applied to the optimal control of systems with quadratic and implicit dynamics.

In a previous paper, we showed that 35241-avoiding permutations are counted by the unique sequence that starts with a 1 and shifts left under the self-composition transform. The proof uses a complicated bijection. Here we give a much simpler proof based on Lagrange inversion.

This paper examines the relationship between exchange rates and stock prices in eight Asian countries using cointegration and Granger causality tests over the period 1991 to 2005. We test for cointegration and Granger causality for both individual countries using the Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test that accommodates a structural break in the cointegrating vector, and for a panel us...

enforces the Landau gauge ∂μA a μ = 0. b a is the Lagrange multiplier and c, c are the ghost and antighost fields. The covariant derivative in the adjoint representation is given by D μ = δ ∂μ − gf Aμ . (4) For d = 3, the coupling g becomes a dimensional quantity itself. As a consequence, the three-dimensional YangMills theory (1) is superrenormalizable. Such theories exhibit serious problems i...

This paper provides the explicit expression of investment facing a binding debt ceiling and the explicit expression of the Lagrange multipliers related to the binding debt ceiling constraint. This result allows us to check for misspecification of the parameterizations of these Lagrange multipliers used in Euler investment equations tests during the 1990’s.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All right...

where kðtÞ 1⁄4 ðkðt1Þ; kðt2Þ; . . . ; kðtpÞÞ ;g1 and g2 are the Lagrange multipliers. Differentiating (2) with respect to kðtkÞðk 1⁄4 1;2; . . . ; pÞ;g1 and g2, and setting these partial derivatives equal to zero, the following set of equations is obtained: @LðkðtÞ;g1;g2Þ @kðtkÞ 1⁄4 2kðtkÞ 2g1ðp kÞ 2g2 1⁄4 0; ð3Þ @LðkðtÞ;g1;g2Þ @g1 1⁄4 2 Xp k1⁄41 ðp kÞkðtkÞ t ! 1⁄4 0; ð4Þ @LðkðtÞ;g1;g2Þ @g2 1⁄4...

Gaugino condensation in the hidden sector of supergravity models is described within a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type of approach by minimization of a one-loop scalar potential. The essential ingredients of the mechanism are auxiliary superfields whose v.e.v. generate gaug-ino condensation and supersymmetry breaking, introduced through Lagrange multipliers. For phenomenologically acceptable values of ...

It is known that Moufang loops are closely related to groups as they have many properties in common. For instance, they both have an inverse for each element and satisfy Lagrange’s theorem. In this paper, we study the properties of a class of Moufang loops which are not groups, but all their proper subloops and proper quotient loops are groups.

In February 2002, New Orleans endorsed with a 63 percent majority a ballot initiative to establish a citywide minimum wage one dollar above the federal minimum. We surveyed New Orleans businesses in 1999 to estimate this proposal’s costs. We present the main results from this survey. We then evaluate five means through which firms might adjust to cost increases—raising prices, improving product...