Since the introduction of laminar air flow in orthopaedic theatres by Sir John Charnley, it has widely become accepted as the standard during orthopaedic procedures such as joint arthroplasty. We present a review of available current literature for the use of laminar flow operating theatre ventilation during total joint arthroplasty and examines the effectiveness of laminar flow ventilated oper...

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study the evolution of a boundary layer that was laminar initially followed by separation and then reattachment owing to generation of turbulence. This creates a closed region of recirculation, known as the laminar-separation bubble. The present simulation emulates the flow environment encountered in a modern LP turbine blade, where a laminar separat...

The purpose of this review is to examine the literature in an attempt to elucidate a biomechanical basis for glaucomatous cupping. In particular, this work focuses on the role of biomechanics in driving connective tissue remodeling in the progression of laminar morphology from a normal state to that of an excavated glaucomatous state. While there are multiple contributing factors to the pathoge...

BACKGROUND In EMS-associated laminitis, laminar failure may occur in response to energy failure related to insulin resistance (IR) or to the effect of hyperinsulinemia on laminar tissue. 5'-Adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a marker of tissue energy deprivation, which may occur in IR. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to ...

In the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the mouse retina, ~70 neuronal subtypes organize their neurites into an intricate laminar structure that underlies visual processing. To find recognition proteins involved in lamination, we utilized microarray data from 13 subtypes to identify differentially-expressed extracellular proteins and performed a high-throughput biochemical screen. We identified ~...

Steady laminar flow in the straight parts of the arterial tree is atheroprotective, whereas disturbed flow with oscillation in branch points and the aortic root are athero-prone, in part, because of the distinct roles of the flow patterns in regulating the cell cycle of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). To elucidate the molecular basis underlying the endothelial cell cycle regulated by distinct...

PURPOSE To evaluate the sterility of the sterile surgical helmet system (SSHS) during elective total hip and knee arthroplasty in theatres with (n=20) and without (n=20) laminar flow. METHODS Three surgeons performed 14 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) and 6 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in a laminar flow theatre and 15 TKAs and 5 THAs in a non-laminar flow theatre. An SSHS was used in all ...

This article studies nonatomic congestion games with symmetric players sending flow in arcs linking a unique source and destination. These games can represent systems where electricity retailers controlling flexible consumption minimize their energy costs. We focus on games with affine cost functions and define laminar Nash equilibrium where the constraints on the minimum and maximal flow that ...

We consider the laminar flow of a vortex crystal in the Corbino disk geometry. Laminar flow can be induced by thermal fluctuations melting the crystal, but also by shear stress after applying a large current at zero temperature. While the velocity profile is the same in the two cases, the underlying vortex structure is completely different. A vortex crystal in this geometry can flow in a lamina...

in order to examine the laminar convective heat transfer of nanofluid, experiments carried out using silver-oil nanofluid in a concentric annulus with outer constant heat flux as boundary condition. silver-oil nanofluid prepared by electrical explosion of wire technique and observed no nanoparticles agglomeration during nanofluid preparation process and carried out experiments. the average size...