Recent observations of a levelling of the death rate in extreme old age, in both experimental species and humans, are posing difficult problems for evolutionary biologists, in particular about the evolution of the post-reproductive period.

‘Levelling up’ is an expression of a realignment in British politics with the Conservatives presenting themselves as new party redistribution. This not primarily concerned redistribution between social classes, or even regions, but rather targets communities that feel they have lost their centrality and standing. seemingly surprising manoeuvre facilitated by voters’ distrust politics, geography...

According to wide spread use of satellite based positioning techniques, especially GPS (Global Positioning System), a greater attention has started to be paid to precise determination of geoid models with an aim to replace the geometric levelling measurements with GPS measurements during geodetic and surveying works. In this paper, geoid modelling is evaluated as a surface fitting problem accor...