Objectives: Competency-based medical education (CBME) requires factual knowledge to be practically applied together with skills and attitudes. With the National Competence-Based Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) representing a strong official demand for competence-orientation, it is generally important to explicitly outline its characteristics and review its realisa...

* Adnan Tahir is an Assistant Professor (Humanities) at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah, Pakistan. He has a vast experience of teaching English as a Second Language, Technical & Research Writing and Business Communication at various levels, along with the experience as a teacher trainer. His research interests include teacher socialization and professional development, English ...

Universities represent spaces where language ideologies are taken up, modified, and transformed. The monolingual orientation of most universities contributes to the (re)construction inequalities between students perceived as “native speakers” others labelled “non-natives”. Therefore, can be a challenge for linguistically minoritized if their multilingual practices not accepted legitimate. Linki...

Teacher language awareness and its relationship to pedagogical practice (Andrews, 2003) have been identified as significant contributors to the teaching of grammar. Various TESOL programs teach pedagogical and theoretical grammar in different ways and some focus on specific approaches to grammar teaching, which include systemic functional grammar, transformational grammar, traditional grammar a...