the purpose of educational technology is to facilitate, develop, and strengthen teaching-learning processes. computer-assisted language education technology is developed as a result of introducing information and communication technology in humanities. this technology has a multidisciplinary nature and is based on investigations carried out in theoretical and practical principles of applied lin...

The goal of language programs is to utilize language for effective communication. Due to the needs, interests, and motivations of language learners, they may show individual differences in their lan- guage learning. Materials used in language programs can be instructional, experiential, elucidative, or exploratory in that they can inform learners about the language, provide experience of the la...

This paper aims at shedding light on the concept of postmodernism, and its implications in the TESOL. Postmodern philosophy as a prevalent concept and a hot buzzword in philosophy, science, and art is believed to have influenced the TESOL theoretically in some ways. The elements of postmodernism including: constructivism, subjectivism, relativism, localism, and pragmatism are found to have been...

This study aimed to investigate sources of motivation of English language teachers in Iranian public and private language schools. To this end, a Language Teacher Motivation Source (LTMS) questionnaire was developed on the basis of the related literature. The LTMS examined four sources of motivation, i. e., extrinsic (economic, social, emotional, educational), intrinsic, altruistic, and subject...

This study was an attempt to explore the beliefs of Iranian EFL teachers about the role of grammar in English language teaching in both state schools and private language institutes. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by Burgess and Etherington (2002), which consisted of 11 main subscales and was divided into two sections. The first section dealt with approaches to grammar te...

Computers have been used for language teaching ever since the 1960's.Learning a second language is a challenging endeavor, and, for decades now, proponents of computer assisted language learning (CALL) have declared that help is on the horison. We investigate the suitability of deploying speech technology in computer based systems that can be used to teach foreign language skills. In this case,...

language teachers usually face issues regarding the most effective methods of teaching. teaching language to nonnative speakers of english involves certain problems and challenges at all levels of instruction. due to the unsatisfactory results of focus on forms and focus on meaning instructions and their inevitable inadequacies, focus on form instruction along with its multiple techniques are r...

Despite the return of sovereignty to China in 1997, the Hong Kong government acknowledges that a high level of English language ability is still required among the workforce in order to maintain Hong Kong’s position as an international commercial centre. Although there is no shortage of willingness on the part of the government to introduce measures to improve worrying English language standard...