The ovigerous females of Upogebia (Upogebia assisi) were collected from Pacha (24o 50 54"N, 66o 43 E) on October 6 and 7, 1994 and 1995 respectively. They were kept for rearing under laboratory conditions at room temperature (25-32oC) in the filtered seawater with salanity of 35-36 parts per thousand (ppt) and pH 7.8-9. Development of larvae proceeds from first to three or four zoeal and p...

The growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera was observed in the laboratory by feeding them on different foods viz; leaf, flower and fruit of lady finger, cotton, pigeon pea and chick pea. Based on the food ingested, food digested and food excreted as well as on weight and size of the larvae and the duration of larval period, the fruit of chick pea was found to be the most suitable food f...

The daf-9 gene functions to integrate transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like signaling pathways to regulate Caenorhabditis elegans larval development. Mutations in daf-9 result in transient dauer-like larval arrest, abnormal reproductive development, molting defects and increased adult longevity. The phenotype is sterol-dependent, and dependent on the activity of DAF-12, a nuclear hor...

The moss froglet Bryobatrachus nimbus is a recently described terrestrial and direct anuran from southwestern Tasmania. A 17-stage table based on changes in external was developed in order to calculate development rates and larval This staging demonstrated that development was not predominantly intracapsular as earlier reported. Instead, larvae hatch from the capsule two to three months after o...

Changes in biomass and elemental composition (dry mass, W; carbon, C; nitrogen, N; hydrogen, H) were studied in the laboratory during complete larval and early juvenile development of the southern stone crab Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot). At 6 ± 0.5°C; total larval development from hatching to metamorphosis lasted ca. 56 d, comprising 2 demersal zoeal stages and a benthic megalopa, with mean ...

The ovigerous females of Upogebia (Upogebia assisi) were collected from Pacha (24o 50 54"N, 66o 43 E) on October 6 and 7, 1994 and 1995 respectively. They were kept for rearing under laboratory conditions at room temperature (25-32oC) in the filtered seawater with salanity of 35-36 parts per thousand (ppt) and pH 7.8-9. Development of larvae proceeds from first to three or four zoeal and p...

The molluscan cardiovascular system typically incorporates a transient extracardiac structure, the larval heart, early in development, but the functional importance of this structure is unclear. We documented the ontogeny and regulatory ability of the larval heart in relation to two other circulatory structures, the true heart and the velum, in the intertidal gastropod Littorina obtusata. There...

Barfin flounder larvae exhibit unique black coloration, as well as left-right asymmetry in juvenile stage as in other flatfish. In this study, we first assessed the changes in melanophores with development and then investigated their responsiveness to melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) during metamorphosis. Larval-type melanophores appeared on both sides of the body before metamorphosis, where...

We have studied the posterior Hox gene Nvi-Post1 expression in the early development of the polychaete Nereis virens. This is the first evidence of the posterior group Hox genes expression during the larval development of a Lophotrochozoan. The expression begins in the trochophore hyposphere at the prospective sites of larval parapodia. As the larva develops the expression weakens and finally b...

1. Hosts experiencing frequent variation in density are thought to benefit from allocating more resources to parasite defence when density is high (‘densitydependent prophylaxis’). However, high density conditions can increase intra-specific competition and induce physiological stress, hence increasing host susceptibility to infection (‘crowding-stress hypothesis’). 2. We studied monarch butter...