Patients with laryngeal tumors may present with a deviated trachea or with a reduced tracheal lumen size due to preoperative radiation therapy. A short-acting induction agent and muscle relaxant is indicated in the event of difficult intubation and a smaller than expected endotracheal tube may be necessary should the tracheal lumen be reduced. A reversible muscle relaxant is suggested in order ...

Canine brachycephalic airway syndrome is a progressive disease that affects many brachycephalic dogs. This article describes the components of this syndrome and focuses on acute emergency management and long-term conservative management of these patients. Surgical management is described in a companion article. Canine Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Nonsurgical M...

Epiphyseal and growth plate cartilages from four cases of Kniest dysplasia have been studied. In each case collagen fibril organization appeared abnormal by electron microscopy compared with age-matched normal cartilages: fibrils were much thinner, of irregular shape and did not exhibit the characteristic banding pattern. This was associated with the absence (compared with normal cartilage) of ...

Cartilage exerts many functions in different tissues and parts of the body. Specific requirements presumably also account for a specific biochemical composition. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution pattern of matrix components, in particular collagen types in the major human cartilages (hyaline, fibrous, and elastic cartilage) by histochemical and immunohistochemical me...

Skeletal tissues develop either by intramembranous ossification, where bone is formed within a soft connective tissue, or by endochondral ossification. The latter proceeds via cartilage anlagen, which through hypertrophy, mineralization, and partial resorption ultimately provides scaffolding for bone formation. Here, we describe a novel and essential mechanism governing remodeling of unminerali...

introduction:  the aim of this study was to compare the preventive effects of corticosteroids and curcumin on subglottic stenosis in an animal model.  materials and methods: twenty-one male german shepherd dogs were used for this study. after standardized trauma to the subglottic area, the dogs were divided into three groups. group a received curcumin (450 mg/ day) for 15 days; group b received...

Using both mutant analyses with zebrafish mutants deficient in genes encoding members of this signaling pathway, as well as pharmacological treatment with cyclopamine, which inhibits Hh signaling, we have gained a better understanding of the role of this signaling pathway on branchial arch outgrowth. We conclude that while Hh is involved in cell proliferation within all pharyngeal cartilages, i...

In the cranial vault, suture morphogenesis occurs when the growing cranial bones approximate and overlap or abut one another. Patency of developing sutures is regulated by the underlying dura mater. Once cranial sutures form, bone growth proceeds from the sutures in response to growth signals from the rapidly expanding neurocranium. Facial sutures do not develop in contact with the dura mater. ...

Recent emerging data indicate that the increase in the expression and activity of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgf-β1) signaling may have detrimental effect to mature articular cartilage of knee joints. However, there is no information about whether or not this is the case in condylar cartilages. The objective of this study is to investigate the protein expression and activity of Tgf-...