PURPOSE To observe the current situation of tuberculosis and its control measures in hemodialysis facilities in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. METHOD Questionnaires on medical dialysis and tuberculosis were sent to hemodialysis facilities in Chiba Prefecture. RESULTS The questionnaires were answered by 55 of 127 facilities. Of the respondents, 46 (83.6%) were not aware of the recommendation of tr...

INTRODUCTION: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are herpesviruses, which account for the majority of oral viral infections. Herpes simplex virus, varicellazoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus infections nearly always result from reactivation of latent virus, while cytomegalovirus infections, besides presenting as reactivated disease, are almost as likely to present as a primary...

Parasitic pathogenic protozoa largely parasitize intracellularly, the course of these infections is acute, often cause the death. On the other hand, they can progress subclinically. The latent respectively chronic stage can follow the acute form and infections can persist throughout the whole life of the host. The course of the disease mostly depends also on the pathological agents. They stimul...

The case is reported of a 26-y-old woman with latent Lyme borreliosis that was concurrently activated with a herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Immune suppression by stress may have caused activation of both infections.

Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (HzNV-1), previously known as Hz-1 virus, is an insect virus able to establish both productive and latent infections in several lepidopteran insect cells. Here, we have cloned and characterized one of the HzNV-1 early genes, hhi1, which maps to the HindIII-I fragment of the viral genome. During the productive viral infection, a 6.2-kb hhi1 transcript was detectable as ...

BACKGROUND We sought to assess whether GFS, a proprietary preparation of Tasmanian Undaria pinnatifida, has effects on healing or re-emergence of Herpetic infections, and additionally, to assess effects of GFS in vitro. Undaria is the most commonly eaten seaweed in Japan, and contains sulphated polyanions and other components with potential anti-viral activity. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-...

A spring emergence of avian haemosporidian infections is nearly universal among temperate zone birds and is often described as a cost of reproductive effort. We take advantage of the opportunistic (i.e. aseasonal) breeding schedule of the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) to determine the relative contributions of season versus host physiology to the timing and intensity of Haemoproteus infecti...

Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are important human pathogens that establish long-term latent infections. Understanding of the initiation and maintenance of latent infections has important implications for the prevention and treatment of gammaherpesvirus-related diseases. Although much is known about gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis, it is ...

Background: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and the average survival rate of patients within a year of diagnosis remains low. Currently, surgical resection is the major treatment strategy, and the effectiveness of chemotherapy remains debatable. Infections involving Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the Epstein-Barr virus have been implicated in gastric cancer pathogenesi...

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is responsible for a striking reduction in AIDS related morbidity and mortality by partly restoring immune function. However, HAART can also precipitate the development of clinically apparent opportunistic infections in patients with latent infections. We report a case of an HIV infected patient who developed granulomatous nodular and cavitatory lesi...