We address the problem of finding a consistent interpretation of an image when a number of object features may be detected independently, but unreliably, and their relative positions are known to be constrained. Our method treats feature detection and the application of spatial constraints as co-operating processes. We show that a Point Distribution Model can be used to model constraints on the...

Supracondylar fracture is one of the most common elbow injuries in children (1). Currently, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of Gartland's types II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children have become the standard method of treatment (2,3). However, controversy exists about the optimal K-wires configuration required to provide adequate fracture stability to maintain r...

the effect of alkyl substituents on the c-phenyl and/or the n-phenyl ring of benzophenylhydroxamic acid on their molecular structure and hydrogen bonding has been investigated. the predominant configuration in chcl3 is determined by steric and electronic effects. substituents on the c-phenyl ring favor the cis configuration, while substituents in the n-phenyl ring favor a trans configuration. t...

fractures with an intact posteromedial buttress, have been successfully treated with a sliding hip screw or blade.1 However, unstable intertrochanteric fractures tend to collapse even after adequate reduction and fixation with plating, and thus intramedullary nailing is recommended.2 Unstable intertrochanteric fractures include fractures with posteromedial comminution, a reverse oblique configu...

Patterns of optic nerve activity were computed for stationary step patterns of illumination from theoretical models of lateral inhibiton based on revised Hartlin-Ratliff equations. The computed response patterns contain well-defined Mach bands which match closely in amplitude and shape those recorded from single optic nerve fibers of the Limulus lateral eye. Theory and experiment show that the ...

Logic is widely considered the basis of rationality. Logical choices, however, are often influenced by emotional responses, sometimes to our detriment, sometimes to our advantage. To understand the neural basis of emotionally neutral ("cold") and emotionally salient ("hot") reasoning we studied 19 volunteers using event-related fMRI, as they made logical judgments about arguments that varied in...

Phospholipid vesicles exhibit a natural tendency to fuse and assemble into a continuous single bilayer membrane on silica and several other substrate materials. The resulting supported membrane maintains many of the physical and biological characteristics of free membranes, including lateral fluidity. Recent advances, building on the supported membrane configuration, have created a wealth of op...

To determine the size of an extensive air shower it is not necessary to have knowledge of the function that describes the fall-off of signal size from the shower core (the lateral distribution function). In this paper an analysis with a simple Monte Carlo model is used to show that an optimum ground parameter can be identified for each individual shower. At this optimal core distance, r opt , t...

The pit organs of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) are free neuromasts of the mechanosensory lateral line system. Pit organs, however, appear to have some structural differences from the free neuromasts of bony fishes and amphibians. In this study, the morphology of pit organs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy in six shark and three ray species. In each species, pit organs...