The longstanding biotic interactions hypothesis predicts that herbivore pressure declines with latitude, but the evidence is mixed. To address gaps in previous studies, we measured herbivory and defence in the same system, quantified defence with bioassays, and considered effects of leaf age. We quantified herbivory and defence of young and mature leaves along a continental gradient in eastern ...

The Udhampur district lies in the northernmost portion of India, approximately at 75” 7’ to 75” 10’ longitude east and 33” 54’ to 33” 57’ latitude north in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The total area of the district is 2549 km2; it has a hilly topography ranging from 300 m to 2780 m above sea level. The region consists of limestone, quartzites, grit and earthy clay. The soil is sandy except ...

We compiled a lake-water clarity database using publically available, citizen volunteer observations made between 1938 and 2012 across eight states in the Upper Midwest, USA. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether temporal trends in lake-water clarity existed across this large geographic area and (2) whether trends were related to the lake-specific characteristics of latitude, lake size, ...

The increasing breast, colorectal and prostate cancer mortality rates found with increasinglatitude by ecological studies in the USA and in Europe has been equated to lower vitamin D statuswith increasing latitude. We examined in Western, Northern and Southern Europe the associationbetween latitude of residence and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. We performed a systematicsearc...

Measurements and modelling of I2, IO, OIO, BrO and NO3 in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer A. Saiz-Lopez, J. A. Shillito, H. Coe, and J. M. C. Plane School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Received: 26 August 2005 – Accepted: 4 September 2005 – Published: 10 O...

Analysis of bone microstructure in ornithopod and theropod dinosaurs from Victoria, Australia, documents ontogenetic changes, providing insight into the dinosaurs' successful habitation of Cretaceous Antarctic environments. Woven-fibered bone tissue in the smallest specimens indicates rapid growth rates during early ontogeny. Later ontogeny is marked by parallel-fibered tissue, suggesting reduc...

While caribou hunting structures are well known in the circumpolar region, equivalent features are difficult to investigate further south due to significant changes in sea level and subsequent human activity. The discovery of hunting structures on submerged landforms beneath modern Lake Huron provides a new window into caribou hunting in the mid-latitudes. This paper summarizes current findings...

Phylogenetic niche conservatism is the pattern where close relatives occupy similar niches, whereas distant relatives are more dissimilar. We suggest that niche conservatism will vary across clades in relation to their characteristics. Specifically, we investigate how conservatism of environmental niches varies among mammals according to their latitude, range size, body size and specialization....

A comparison of growth data (fish length) with latitude shows that southern juvenile mackerel attain a greater length than those originating from further north before growth ceases during their first winter. A similar significant relationship was found between the growth in the first year (derived from the otolith inner winter ring) and latitude for adult mackerel spawning between 44°N (Bay of ...

Global change may be a severe threat to natural and agricultural systems, partly through its effects in altering soil biota and processes, due to changes in water balance. We studied the potential influence of changing soil water balance on soil biota by comparing existing sites along a natural water balance gradient in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the community structure of bact...