Objective. To quantify differences in results obtained by immunoassays (IAs) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) for cortisol and free thyroxine (FT4). Design & Patients. Cortisol was measured over 60 minutes following a standard ACTH stimulation test (n = 80); FT4 was measured over time in two cohorts of pregnant (n = 57), and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. Measurements. Samples were analyzed wit...

Simulating biologically relevant timescales at atomic resolution is a challenging task since typical atomistic simulations are at least two orders of magnitude shorter. Markov State Model (MSMs) provide one means of overcoming this gap without sacrificing atomic resolution by extracting long time dynamics from short simulations. MSMs coarse grain space by dividing conformational space into long...

Robust control design for quantum systems has been recognized as a key task in quantum information technology, molecular chemistry and atomic physics. In this paper, an improved differential evolution algorithm of msMS DE is proposed to search robust fields for various quantum control problems. In msMS DE, multiple samples are used for fitness evaluation and a mixed strategy is employed for mut...

The drug policy in the Philippines is written as Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic 9165. Unlike policies other countries, law includes on testing. Aside from mandatory testing for specific situations, states further that two methods should be employed—a screening test, and a confirmatory test to performed if former yields presumptive positive result. Over 1000 drugs abuse la...

Much of epidemiology and clinical medicine is focused on estimating the effects of treatments or interventions administered over time. In such settings of longitudinal treatment, time-dependent confounding is often an important source of bias. Marginal structural models (MSMs) are a powerful tool for estimating the causal effect of a treatment using observational data, particularly when time-de...