To understand how body composition relates to functional impairment, the authors examined cross-sectional associations of absolute and relative measures of fat and lean mass with physical performance and self-reported functional limitation. The sample consisted of a community-based cohort of 1,655 older women and men from Sonoma, California, who had complete baseline data in 1993-1994 on body c...

CONTEXT Although muscle mass is beneficial to bone, studies on the effect of fat mass on bone have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the relations between lean and fat mass and bone structure. DESIGN This study was cross-sectional. SETTING The study was conducted in a general community. SUBJECTS Subjects included 300 healthy sexually mature adole...

Bone mineral density (BMD) is affected by lean body mass and body weight to various degrees in the course of aging. The attempt of this study is to determine the optimal time to begin prevention of osteoporosis. In this study, female hospital employees aged 20-59 years were divided into 2 age groups, 20-39 years and 40-59 years based on age at peak BMD, and the relations of total BMD, subtotal ...

BACKGROUND Despite the well-known recidivism of obesity, surprisingly little is known about the composition of body weight during weight regain. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the composition of body weight regained after intentional weight loss is similar to the composition of body weight lost. DESIGN The design was a follow-up to a randomized controlled tri...

Whether low muscle mass predisposes to fracture is still poorly understood. In the diagnosis of sarcopenia, different thresholds for low lean mass have been proposed but comparative data for these criteria against hard outcomes such as fractures are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low lean mass according to different thresholds used in operational definitions of sarco...

By realizing the insufficient degree of Galilean invariance of the traditional multiple-relaxation-time collision operators, Geier [Phys. Rev. E 73, 066705 (2006)] proposed to relax differently the moments shifted by the macroscopic velocity, leading to the so-called cascaded lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). This paper points out that (a) the cascaded LBM essentially consists in adopting a gener...