Abstract Models with coefficients which change with time can be developed by using Kalman filter techniques and these have been applied to model river flow, rainfall and other hydrological time series. However, application of Kalman filter techniques requires assumptions about the statistics of processes and state variables which may depend on unknown factors, and these assumptions may not be v...

Least-cost models for focal species are widely used to design wildlife corridors. To evaluate the least-cost modeling approach used to develop 15 linkage designs in southern California, USA, we assessed robustness of the largest and least constrained linkage. Species experts parameterized models for eight species with weights for four habitat factors (land cover, topographic position, elevation...