Availability of and access to data and biosamples are essential in medical and translational research, where their reuse and repurposing by the wider research community can maximize their value and accelerate discovery. However, sharing human-related data or samples is complicated by ethical, legal, and social sensitivities. The specific ethical and legal requirements linked to sensitive data a...

BACKGROUND Given the prominence of Cheap Whites in illicit tobacco discussions, we examined various definitions, market presence, brand proliferation, manufacturers, production locations, trademark ownership, prices and compliance with tax stamp and warning labels. METHODS Data from peer-reviewed and grey literature, newspapers, trademark registries, governments/international organisation rep...

Legal texts, such as regulations and legislation, are increasingly playing an important role in requirements engineering and system development. Monitoring systems for requirements and policy compliance has been recognized in the requirements engineering community as a key area for research. Similarly, regulatory compliance is critical in systems that are governed by regulations and law, especi...

The two different categories of legal AI system are described, and legal analysis systems are chosen as objects of study. So-called judgment machines are discussed, but it is decided that research in legal AI systems would be best carried-out in the area of legal expert systems. The process of legal reasoning is briefly examined, and two different methods of legal knowledge representation are d...

Whistleblowing as a signaling tool for perceived irregularities is now recognized one of the most important processes that should be implemented in every organization. Its importance and relevance to proper, lawful operation an organization emphasized by provisions EU Directive 2019/1937 on protection whistleblowers. They focus primarily implementation rules procedures enable whistleblowing ens...

The two different categories of legal Al system are described, and legal analysis systems are chosen as objects of study. So-called judgment machines are discussed, but it is decided that research in legal Al systems would be. best carried-out in the area of legal expert systems. The process of legal reasoning is briefly examined, and two difforent methods of legal knowledge representation are ...