in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

engineering – procurement and construction (epc) contract is one of the current contracts in the today world. when governmental sector trends to use the expertise of domestic or foreign private in engineering and construction of infrastructural projects, finds epc contract as a suitable legal frame. in this article, we have tried to discuss about the most important legal aspects of this kind of...

this paper deals with the problem of optimizing two-stage structure decision making units (dmus) where the activity and the performance of two-stage dmu in one period effect on its efficiency in the next period. to evaluate such systems the effect of activities in one period on ones in the next term must be considered. to do so, we propose a dynamic dea approach to measure the performance of su...

This paper deals with the problem of optimizing two-stage structure decision making units (DMUs) where the activity and the performance of two-stage DMU in one period effect on its efficiency in the next period. To evaluate such systems the effect of activities in one period on ones in the next term must be considered. To do so, we propose a dynamic DEA approach to measure the performance of su...

When acting in different jurisdictions (e.g. under the laws of different countries) at the same time, it can be of great value for individuals to be able to determine whether disparities among the laws of these different systems exist and allowing them to identify the consequences that may follow from these disparities. For individuals, it is typically not of interest to find all the ways in wh...

This lengthy work' is the principal output to date of the General Principles of Law Project at the Cornell Law School in the United States. The purpose of this project has been to test and promote a new comparative law research method. Under this method, legal experts in a particular topic from a number of legal systems meet to compile a report indicating the similarities and differences in the...

From May 31 to June 13, 1999, the Joseph R. Crowley Program in International Human Rights (or “delegation”) conducted a mission in Hong Kong in conjunction with the Committee on International Human Rights of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York (‘Association‘ or ‘ABCNY ‘). The purpose of the mission was to examine the status of the rule of law in Hong Kong two years after the tran...

Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems aim to create a secure framework to control access and actions that can be performed by users (both human and machine). DRM technologies have become very important in an increasingly networked world because it promises the owner of the file persistent control over the file even when the file leaves the owner’s machine. It is not only useful in combating p...

The final publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-170174. This paper describes a new concept of legal ontology together with an ontology development tool, called European Legal Taxonomy Syllabus (ELTS). The tool is used to model the legal terminology created by the Uniform Terminology project on EU consumer protection law as an ontology. ELTS is not a formal o...