Applying the theorems of Mobius inverse and Dirichlet inverse, a general algorithm to obtain biorthogonal functions based on generalized Fourier series analysis is introduced. In the algorithm, the orthogonal function can be not only Fourier or Legendre series, but also can be any one of all orthogonal function systems. These kinds of biorthogonal function sets are used as scramble signals to c...

We show that the Laplace approximation of a supremum by L-norms has interesting consequences in optimization. For instance, the logarithmic barrier functions (LBF) of a primal convex problem P and its dual P∗ appear naturally when using this simple approximation technique for the value function g of P or its Legendre-Fenchel conjugate g∗. In addition, minimizing the LBF of the dual P∗ is just e...

For integral representations of associated Legendre functions in terms of modified Bessel functions, we establish justification for differentiation under the integral sign with respect to parameters. With this justification, derivatives for associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind with respect to the degree are evaluated at odd-halfinteger degrees, for general complex-orders, ...

Harmony networks have been proposed as a means by which connectionist models can perform symbolic computation. Indeed, proponents claim that a harmony network can be built that constructs parse trees for strings in a context free language. This paper shows that harmony networks do not work in the following sense: they construct many outputs that are not valid parse trees. In order to show that ...

In this article, we first prove that there exists a smooth foliation near codimension one skeleton which is transversal to the Reeb vector field on the contact manifold. Second, we use it to prove that there exists a smooth Poincare section for the Legendre submanifold. Third, we give a proof on the Arnold chord conjecture which states that every Reeb flow has at least as many Reeb chords as a ...

In this paper, we consider the Legendre spectral Galerkin and Legendre spectral collocation methods to approximate the solution of Urysohn integral equation. We prove that the approximated solutions of the Legendre Galerkin and Legendre collocation methods converge to the exact solution with the same orders, O(n−r) in L2-norm and O(n 1 2 −r) in infinity norm, and the iterated Legendre Galerkin ...