This study assessed the potential uptake of soil-contaminated heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba in combination with without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) traditional improved rice varieties. Total levels cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) soil, roots, shoots, grains, A. pinnata, L. were estimated using ICP-MS. The percentage colonization AMF-inoculated AMF-uni...