In western Panama, an unusual hybrid zone exists between white-collared manakins, Manacus candei, and golden-collared manakins, M. vitellinus. Unidirectional introgression of plumage traits from vitellinus into candei has created a region in which all definitively plumaged males have a collar that is lemon-colored. These males are nearly indistinguishable from white-collared candei genetically ...

BACKGROUND The use of herbal medicines (medicinal plants or phytotherapy) has recently gained popularity in Europe and the United States. Nevertheless the exact mechanism of the preventive effects of these products is still far to be clearly established, being its knowledge necessary to successfully apply these therapies to avoid stone formation. METHODS The effect of oral lemon juice adminis...

We describe experiments done in using the lemon model for encoding lexicographic data we got from different sources with distinct coverages. Our focus is on delivering statements on lessons learned and on questions that still should be discussed in the lemon community, as a possible input for forthcoming versions of the model.

We present a dynamic model of trading under adverse selection. A seller faces a sequence of randomly arriving buyers. Each buyer receives a noisy signal about the quality of the asset and offers a price. We show that there is generically a unique equilibrium and characterize the resulting trading dynamics. Buyers’ beliefs about the quality of the asset gradually increase or decrease over time, ...

background & aim: nowdays consumers prefer to eat healthier foods, therefore producers and researchers are involved to improve the variety, quality, taste of food products. lemon balm is a perennial, aromatic, herb that contains many phenolic compounds. in this research the effect of additing lemon balm powder (by reducing of wheat flour in formulation, instead) on qualities of sponge cakes...

Background Exhaustive exercise causes muscle damage accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation leading to muscle fatigue and muscle soreness. Lemon verbena leaves, commonly used as tea and refreshing beverage, demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a proprietary lemon verbena extract (Recoverben®) on muscle streng...

Background & Aim: Nowdays consumers prefer to eat healthier foods, therefore producers and researchers are involved to improve the variety, quality, taste of food products. Lemon balm is a perennial, aromatic, herb that contains many phenolic compounds. In this research the effect of additing lemon balm powder (by reducing of wheat flour in formulation, instead) on qualities of sponge cakes wer...

The quality of many goods and services may change randomly between the time of shipment and delivery, creating disputes over quality that can result in lemons-market equilibria. We investigate the potential of third-party inspections for such inefficiencies. We consider two types of inspection, ex post verification of quality in consignment contracts and ex ante certification in FOB contracts, ...

Consider rolling a die with k sides, labeled a1, a2, ..., and ak, respectively. Let P(aj) be the ‘probability’ that a particular side aj appears after rolling the die. Before attempting to calculate P(aj), it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the word ‘probability’. In other words, we must specify what the number P(aj) quantifies. In statistics, the concept of ‘probability’ is formally int...