Satellite constellations ooer interesting perspectives for Internet traac routing, since they beneet from a worldwide coverage and do not have the main drawback of geosynchronous satellites : propagation delay. However, because of their low altitude, LEO satellites are in constant motion and exhibit speciic issues for routing. This article presents a general architecture applicable to the integ...

Satellite transmissions have an important role in telephone communications, television broadcasting, computer communications, maritime navigation, and military command and control. Moreover, in many situations they may be the only possible communication set-up. Recent trends in telecommunications indicate that four major growth market/service areas are: messaging and navigation services (wirele...

One of the unique traffic features of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is time-variant and nonuniform load distribution. This feature results in a locally biased congestion problem for the LEO satellite systems. In this paper, we propose a traJjcic load balancing scheme to resolve the congestion problem in such traffic scenarios. The proposing scheme makes use of near-neighbor residual ...

1 0-7803-7651-X/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE 2 IEEEAC paper #1197, Updated December 10, 2002 Abstract—Proposed satellite constellation networks, based on Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems, will be required to transport IP traffic and to provide quality of service (QoS). This paper proposes a new Diffserv-based scheme of IP bandwidth...

Now a days Low earth orbit satellite networks are used to provide global coverage to users in remote areas. Since LEO’s are continuously revolving, they traverse their orbits and thus cause frequent user handovers. So for providing better service to the user and improving the LEO satellite network performance a Cross-layer design and Ant-colony optimization based Loadbalancing routing algorithm...

There is a trend for mobile satellite system architectures aimed at the deployment of multi-satellite constellations in Non-Geostationary Earth Orbits (NGEOs). This allows the user terminals to be small size, low cost and having low power demand. In present and next generation satellite systems, CDMA has been proposed as the multiple access technique for a number of mobile satellite communicati...

We report the discovery of a new Milky Way satellite in the constellation Leo, identified in data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It lies at a distance of ∼ 180 kpc, and is separated by . 3 from another recent discovery, Leo IV. We present follow-up imaging from the Isaac Newton Telescope and spectroscopy from the Hectochelle fiber spectrograph at the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Leo V’s helio...

In this paper, a distributed multicast routing scheme is introduced for multi-layered satellite IP networks, which include GEO, MEO, and LEO layers. This scheme aims to minimize the total cost of multicast trees in the satellite network. Multicast trees are constructed and maintained in the dynamic satellite network topology in a distributed manner. Simulation results are provided to evaluate t...

There is an increasing demand for interconnecting LAN's at high data rates, e.g. remote X-Applications. Due to the lack of B-ISDN before the second decade of the next century, satellite systems are the only alternative. We compare the End-to-End cell delay of a geostationary satellite system with a low earth orbit satellite system by means of simulation. The comparison shows that the use of LEO...

Absaacl-ln this paper, a new multicast routing algorithm is in. troduced for multi-layered satellite networb, which include GEO, MEO, and LEO layers. This scheme aims to minimize the total cost of multicast tmes in the satellite network. Multicast trxxs am constructed and maintained in the dynamic satellite network topology in a distributed manner. Simulation results are provided to evaluate th...