............................................................. SELECTION OF DATA AND SOURCES OF ERROR......................... THE TABLE ............................................................. DISCUSSION. .. ......................................................... Relevance to Possible Cloning of Genes Coding for Toxins.................... Recommended Containment Levels for Cloning .........

The petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of ethanol extract of leaf and stem from the plant Passiflora edulis (Fam: Passifloraceae) was subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. All the fractions showed potent antioxidant activity, of which the chloroform and petroleum ether fraction of stem demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 51.28 μ...

Aflatoxin G2 was used to test the speed and accuracy of the microapplicator and the micropipette. The 50% lethal dose of both assay systems was approximately the same, and 4.0 mug of G2 had an 85% lethal effect in both systems. The 50% lethal dose of the microapplicator and the micropipette was lower than that of the syringe but, of these, only the micropipette can combine the accuracy of the m...

Primary powders of Bacillus sphaericus strain S2 isolated from soil samples in Brazil, and strain 2362 were produced in a 14 liter fermentor. Growth patterns and sporulation observed in three trials with strains S2 and 2362 in the fermentor were similar. Second-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Aedes aegypti exposed for 48 hr to strain ...

The probability of the most sensitive genotypes being eliminated from a population due to a contaminant pulse--genetic erosion--is negatively associated to the within-genotype variation. A sensitive genotype with a small phenotypic variation would be more prone to be lost-a critically sensitive genotype. Furthermore, natural populations inhabiting contaminated sites are usually exposed to sever...

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a significant pest of agroecosystems in the midsouthern and southeastern regions of the United States. These insects have developed resistance to, or inconsistent control has occurred with, most insecticide classes. With their unique mode of action, insecticides in the diamide class have become a key component in management of agriculturally important ...

Venom from the Mohave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, has been reported to be either: (1) neurotoxic; (2) hemorrhagic, or both (3) neurotoxic and hemorrhagic. In this study, 14 Mohave rattlesnakes from Arizona and Texas (USA) were analyzed for the presence of disintegrins and Mojave toxin. All venom samples were analyzed for the presence of hemorrhagic, proteolytic and disintegrin ...

We developed a method to estimate the content of the toxic endotoxin in inactivated Salmonella vaccine in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Ten-fold serially diluted vaccines were injected intraperitoneally into D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Lethality in the mice was judged 3 days after the injection. The best result was obtained when C3H/HeN mice were used for the test. Correlation was obser...

Topical application of 1-dodecanol was significantly more toxic against teneral first nymphs (1-3 h old) than post-teneral first nymphs (24 h old). The lethal dose ratios were 711,500 for Rhodnius prolixus and 3613 for Triatoma infestans. No significative difference between LD50 was found when 1-dodecanol was injected in recently hatched adult R. prolixus (1-4 h old) nor in older adults (24 h o...

Lethal effects of nitrogenous compounds ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were studied and the static LC50 values obtained for these 3 toxicants for 24 hr were 0.80 ppb, 171.36 ppm; 1075.10 ppm and continuous flowthrough LC50 values for 24 hr were 0.72 ppb, 154.31 ppm; 967.63 ppm respectively. The fish were exposed to lethal concentrations to study the changes in h...