Cucurbita maxima seed was tested for its immunomodulatory effect by comparing with immunostimulant, Levamisole HCL using dexamethasone induced immuno suppression model in rabbits in terms of assessing cell mediated immune response. Thirty six rabbits were randomly divided into six groups of six animals in each. Group I was the untreated control. Group II was dexamethasone sodium treated. Group ...

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) is arguably the most common and costly equine neurologic diseases nationwide. The national seroprevalence is >50%, but only 0.5-1% of all horses develops disease during their lifetimes. Some EPM affected horses have decreased immune response. A cell-mediated immune response has been shown to be protective for development of EPM after infection with Sarco...

Levamisole is an antihelminthic drug banned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000 because of its dangerous side effects. Over the past few years, it has been identified as an adulterant in cocaine and reported to cause cutaneous vasculitis in cocaine users. The health burden of levamisole is serious since it is estimated that over 5 million Americans use cocaine and that 70% of t...

Levamisole-adulterated cocaine has increased in prevalence over the last decade and is known to be associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Dermatologic manifestations of levamisole exposure, including cutaneous vasculitis, are widely appreciated; less is known about its effects on the kidney. We report two cases of patients with a history of cocaine abuse and levamisole-in...

background: steroid dependent (sdns) and/or frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (frins) is a therapeutic problem. this study was conducted to determine the effect of levamisole in children with steroid dependent and/or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. methods: in this quasi-experimental study, 43 children aged 1-14 years with steroid dependent (23 cases) and/or frequently...

Colidiarrhea and colienterotoxemia caused by F4(+) and/or F18(+) enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains are the most prevalent infections of suckling and weaned pigs. Here we tested the immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of attenuated F18ac(+) non-ETEC vaccine candidate strain against challenge infection with F4ac(+) ETEC strain by quantitative phenotypic analysis of small intestinal l...

Sydney Brenner promoted Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, and subsequent investigations pursued resistance to the nicotinic anthelmintic drug levamisole in C. elegans at a genetic level. These studies have advanced our understanding of genes associated with neuromuscular transmission and resistance to the antinematodal drug. In lev-8 and lev-1 mutant C. elegans, levamisole resistance ...

The in vitro effect of levamisole (1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) on cells of the innate immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was studied, particularly the activity of natural cytotoxic cells and macrophages present in peripheral blood. Levamisole effect on natural cytotoxic cells was evaluated by their capacity to lyse HL-60 tumor cells while activity of macrophages was evaluated measu...

The pharmacokinetics of levamisole was studied in 20 broiler breeder chickens (chickens that give eggs to breed broilers). A single dose of levamisole (40 mg/kg) was administered orally or intravenously to chickens before the onset of egg production, prelay (age = 22 weeks), and repeated at the peak of egg production (age = 32 weeks). A high-pressure liquid chromatographic with ultraviolet dete...

We treated 29 rheumatoid arthritis patients with levamisole. on the basis of a 25% improvement in any 3 of 6 measurements 95% of the patients had a favourable response within 20 weeks. However, 64% of the patients discontinued levamisole by 40 to 60 weeks because of rash or secondary treatment failures. Delayed skin reactivity to streptokinase-streptodornase increased significantly in the entir...