A constant magnetic field in 3+1 and 2+1 dimensions is a strong catalyst of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, leading to the generation of a fermion dynamical mass even at the weakest attractive interaction between fermions. The essence of this effect is the dimensional reduction D → D − 2 in the dynamics of fermion pairing in a magnetic field. The effect is illustrated in the Nambu-Jona-Lasi...

We investigate a 3+1 dimensional toy model that exhibits spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry, both in a lightfront (LF) Hamiltonian and in a Euclidean Schwinger-Dyson (SD) formulation. We show that both formulations are completely equivalent — provided the renormalization is properly done. For the model considered, this means that if one uses the same transverse momentum cutoff on the SD a...

Abstract: We study fermionic zero modes in the self-dual vortex background on an extra torus in 5+1 dimensions. It is shown that the self-dual vortex arises from the symmetric phase and the asymmetric phase of Higgs field in the context of generalized Abelian Higgs model. Then we analyze the Dirac operator on the extra two-dimensional space and the effective Lagrangian of four-dimensional fermi...

Experimental evidence for and against the existence of pentaquarks has accumulated rapidly in the last three years. If they exist, they would be dramatic examples of hadronic states beyond our well-tested and successful particle models. The positive evidence suggests existence of baryonic objects with widths of at most a few MeV, some displaying exotic quantum numbers, such as baryons with stra...

Given ν > 1 2 and δ > 0 arbitrary, we prove the existence of energy solutions of (0.1) ∂ttu−∆u− u = 0 in R3+1 that blow up exactly at r = t = 0 as t → 0−. These solutions are radial and of the form u = λ(t) 1 2W (λ(t)r)+η(r, t) inside the cone r ≤ t, where λ(t) = t−1−ν , W (r) = (1 + r2/3)− 1 2 is the stationary solution of (0.1), and η is a radiation term with Z [r≤t] ` |∇η(x, t)| + |ηt(x, t)|...

The Blandford-Znajek constraint equation for a stationary, axisymmetric black-hole force-free magnetosphere is cast in a 3+1 absolute space and time formulation, following Komissarov (2004). We derive an analytic solution for fields and currents to the constraint equation in the far-field limit that satisfies the Znajek condition at the event horizon. This solution generalizes the Blandford-Zna...

The molecule in which a methyl viologen (MV2+) moiety is coupled through a three-carbon chain to one bipyridine in Ru(bpy)3 (bpy ) 2,2′bipyrine), [Ru(bpy)2(4-(2-(1′-methyl-4-4′-bipyridinediium-1-yl)propyl)-4′-methyl2,2′-bipyridine), abbreviated Ru(bpy)2(MV-bpy)], does not emit upon photoexcitation because of rapid quenching of the MLCT state by the MV2+. The integrated steady-state photoemissio...

A large number of experiments now appear to confirm the existence of the exotic, strangeness +1 θ baryon. The I = 3/2 exotic Ξ3/2 signal observed by NA49 remains to be confirmed (it is not seen by HERA-B, and its compatibility with earlier high statistics Ξ production experiments has also been questioned). Recently, H1 reported evidence for an anti-charmed exotic, though this state was not seen...

We reconstruct a 3+1 formalism of general relativistic electromagnetism, and derive the equations of motion of charged particles in the pulsar magnetosphere, taking account of the inclination between the rotation axis and the magnetic axis. Apart from the previous works where space charge is evaluated by assuming the flow velocity being the light speed, we analyze particle motion in the polar c...