By using a double immunofluorescence method we examined the distribution of dopaminergic neurons (A17) expressing neuromedin K receptor (NKR, NK(3)) in the rat retina. The distribution of NKR-like immunoreactive (-LI) neurons partially overlapped that of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-LI neurons in the inner retina of section and flat-mount preparation. Neurons showing both TH- and NKR-like immunore...

The human brain is a highly complex system comprised of billions cells, called neurons, that are all interconnected. Normal function depends on effective communication between which requires signals to travel down nerve cell and then over the next it connected to. Several diseases result from impairments in why important study these living brain. Since difficult study, scientists use simpler or...

The distribution of the perikarya of endogenous digitalis-like substance (EDLS)-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus was studied by immunohistochemistry using digoxin and digitoxin antiserum. In addition, the possible coexistence of EDLS and posterior lobe hormones was examined using an immunohistochemical double-staining technique. Digoxin-like immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in...

Objective: Clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that prelimbic (PrL) serotonin-4 (5-HT4) receptors may the key role in regulating anxiety. However, pathophysiology of anxiety Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains obscure. In this research, effects PrL 5-HT4 on anti-anxiety behaviors hemiparkinsonian rats were investigated. Methods: PD model used as research subjects, starting with behav...

We recorded action potential activity from the isolated brain of the nudibranch seaslug Tritonia diomedea during fictive swimming. Candidate central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons were identified by their bursting patterns and positions in the brain. Previously identifed populations of interneurons were imaged, including the dorsal swim interneurons (DSI), C2, and ventral swim interneuron...

Introduction Neuronal cell death is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia; however, underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we tested if hypoxia (HAH) causes neuronal and mitochondrial dysfunction using various vivo vitro approaches. Methods Acute was induced by hypobaric chamber male mice. explored mechanisms immunofluorescence, ...

Introduction: Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in some plants like grapes, peanuts and pomegranates, possesses a wide range of biological effects. Evidence indicates that resveratrol has beneficial effects on nervous system to induce neuroprotection. However, the cellular mechanisms of the effects are not fully determined. In the present study, the cellula...