toll-like receptor (tlr) 7 and 8 mediate anti-virus immunity and are of particular relevance to asthma. however, very little information about genetic association on tlr7/8 and asthma are available. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in tlr7 and 8 on asthma risk and asthma-related phenotypes in a chinese han population. we enrolled 462 unrelated adult asthmatic patients a...

Aim: Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) can recognize the DNA fragments released from chemotherapy-treated cancer cells in tumor tissues and induce an inflammatory response. The aim of present study w...

background: stroke is a leading cause of death all around the world, and ischemic stroke is considered to be the most common stroke type. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are important molecules for detection of both pathogen invasion and tissue damage. in this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the expression level of tlr2 on monocytes in patients with ischemic stroke and to evaluate th...

Neutrophils detect bacterial constituents, including bacterial DNA (CpG DNA), which elicits innate immunity and prolongs the functional life span of neutrophils through suppression of apoptosis. Both the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and activation of NF-κB have been implicated in neutrophil survival, but there is no evidence that these are linked in neutrophils. We hypothesized that CpG DNA cou...

OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is involved in many inflammatory diseases, but its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of TLR9 in atherosclerosis development and macrophage polarization. METHODS ApoE(-/-) mice were treated with vehicle or IRS869 for 12 weeks. Plaque vulnerability was assessed with immunohistochemical analysis, picro-si...

Casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a ubiquitin ligase (E3) that modulates signaling by tagging molecules for degradation. It is a complex protein with multiple domains and binding partners that are not involved in ubiquitinating substrates. Herein, we demonstrate that Cbl-b, but not c-Cbl, is recruited to the clustered B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and that Cbl-b is required for entry of e...