Objective: To present a geometric ruler to determine predictive values of binary diagnostic test results from prevalence, sensitivity and specificity without calculation. Methods: On logarithmic scale the relationships between pre-/post-test odds and the likelihood ratio as well as sensitivity, speci ficity and the likelihood ratio appear as simple linear (additive) equations. Results: Each of ...

This paper presents a detection algorithm for pacemakers which is based on a signal model including a linear combination of descriptive functions. The functions are defined as different time scales of the two fundamental waveforms in the electrogram. An efficient detector structure is provided by the use of a dyadic wavelet transform with integer filter coefficients, followed by a generalized l...

In this paper, the problem of target detection in colocated “multi-input multi-output” (MIMO) radars is considered. A pulse-train signaling is assumed to be used in this system. As the doppler effect should be considered for the pulse-train signaling, we are confronted by a compound hypothesis testing problem, so in this paper a Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) detector is derived. The high c...

This paper presents the behavioural mechanism of a statistical modelbased voice activity detector (VAD), featuring a likelihood ratio test for the activity decision. From investigation of the VAD, it is found that detection errors could occur frequently at speech offset regions because of the delay term in the decision-directed parameter estimator, employed for the estimation of an unknown para...

Nowadays, the accuracy of speech processing systems is strongly affected by acoustic noise. This is a serious obstacle regarding the demands of modern applications. Therefore, these systems often need a noise reduction algorithm working in combination with a precise voice activity detector (VAD). The computation needed to achieve denoising and speech detection must not exceed the limitations im...

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Currently, the accuracy of speech processing systems is strongly affected by the acoustic noise. This is a serious obstacle to meet the demands of modern applications and therefore these systems often needs a noise reduction algorithm working in combination with a precise voice activity detector (VAD). This paper presents a new voice activity detector (VAD) for improving speech detection robust...

A multiple-symbol differential detector is formulated for -ary differential phase-shift keying modulation where the channel state information is unknown to the receiver. The maximum-likelihood decision statistic is derived for the detector, and its performance is demonstrated by analysis and simulation. Under the Gaussian assumption for the aggregate interference plus noise, an exact expression...

We detail in this paper the implementation of the optimal Bayes multiframe detector/tracker for rigid objects moving randomly in two-dimensional (2D) finite grids. We present 2D models for target signature and target motion that build an integrated framework for detection and tracking. We model the background clutter by 2D correlated noncausal Gauss-Markov fields of arbitrary order. By explorin...